<Home — Psychoactive Plant Database



  Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection





Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.

 

 

1. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2024 Nov 5. doi: 10.1021/jasms.4c00360. Online ahead of print. Compact Plasma Ionization for Ion Mobility Spectrometry Using a 4.3 MHz Miniature Tesla Coil. Höving S(1), Song H(1), Speicher L(1), Schiller A(1), Franzke J(1). Author information: (1)Miniaturisation, Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany. In this study, a low-cost 4.3 MHz plasma ionization source for ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), utilizing a miniaturized Tesla coil, is presented. This compact design, combined with a 3D printed cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) housing, delivers a stable and directed plasma suitable for ionization in IMS applications. The 3D printed housing ensures chemical resistance and low off-gassing, which are crucial for maintaining sample integrity. The Tesla coil produces a consistent sine wave at 4.3 MHz, and when connected to stainless steel screw electrodes it generates a stable plasma capable of ionizing analytes such as limonene, MTBE, nicotine, 2-octanone, and propofol. Measurements were conducted in both positive and negative ion modes. The results demonstrate the Tesla coil's effectiveness as a low-cost and reliable ionization source for IMS, offering comparable performance to traditional Ni63 β-emitters. This advancement in plasma ionization technology could facilitate more accessible and flexible IMS systems for diverse analytical applications. The integration of 3D printing in the development of this ionization source underscores the potential for customized, low-cost analytical instrumentation, promoting innovation in laboratory environments and commercial applications. DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00360 PMID: 39501481 2. ACS Synth Biol. 2024 Nov 5. doi: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00432. Online ahead of print. Optimizing HMG-CoA Synthase Expression for Enhanced Limonene Production in Escherichia coli through Temporal Transcription Modulation Using Optogenetics. Dwijayanti A(1), Yeoh JW(2)(3), Zhang C(4), Poh CL(2)(3), Lautier T(1)(4)(5). Author information: (1)CNRS@CREATE, 1 Create Way, #08-01 Create Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore. (2)NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore. (3)Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore. (4)Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore. (5)TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse 31077, France. Overexpression of a single enzyme in a multigene heterologous pathway may be out of balance with the other enzymes in the pathway, leading to accumulated toxic intermediates, imbalanced carbon flux, reduced productivity of the pathway, or an inhibited growth phenotype. Therefore, optimal, balanced, and synchronized expression levels of enzymes in a particular metabolic pathway is critical to maximize production of desired compounds while maintaining cell fitness in a growing culture. Furthermore, the optimal intracellular concentration of an enzyme is determined by the expression strength, specific timing/duration, and degradation rate of the enzyme. Here, we modulated the intracellular concentration of a key enzyme, namely HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS), in the heterologous mevalonate pathway by tuning its expression level and period of transcription to enhance limonene production in Escherichia coli. Facilitated by the tuned blue-light inducible BLADE/pBad system, we observed that limonene production was highest (160 mg/L) with an intermediate transcription level of HMGS from moderate light illumination (41 au, 150 s ON/150 s OFF) throughout the growth. Owing to the easy penetration and removal of blue-light illumination from the growing culture which is hard to obtain using conventional chemical-based induction, we further explored different induction patterns of HMGS under strong light illumination (2047 au, 300 s ON) for different durations along the growth phases. We identified a specific timing of HMGS expression in the log phase (3-9 h) that led to optimal limonene production (200 mg/L). This is further supported by a mathematical model that predicts several periods of blue-light illumination (3-9 h, 0-9 h, 3-12 h, 0-12 h) to achieve an optimal expression level of HMGS that maximizes limonene production and maintains cell fitness. Compared to moderate and prolonged transcription (41 au, 150 s ON/150 s OFF, 0-73 h), strong but time-limited transcription (2047 au, 300 s ON, 3-9 h) of HMGS could maintain its optimal intracellular concentration and further increased limonene production up to 92% (250 mg/L) in the longer incubation (up to 73 h) without impacting cell fitness. This work has provided new insight into the "right amount" and "just-in-time" expression of a critical metabolite enzyme in the upper module of the mevalonate pathway using optogenetics. This study would complement previous findings in modulating HMGS expression and potentially be applicable to heterologous production of other terpenoids in E. coli. DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00432 PMID: 39498890 3. Food Chem X. 2024 Oct 12;24:101897. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101897. eCollection 2024 Dec 30. Inhibition effect of non-contact biocontrol bacteria and plant essential oil mixture on the generation of N-nitrosamines in deli meat during storage. Li K(1), Han G(1), Lu S(1), Xu X(1), Dong H(2), Wang H(2), Luan F(2), Jiang X(1), Liu T(3), Zhao Y(1)(4). Author information: (1)College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China. (2)Hisense Refrigerator Co., Ltd., Shandong, Qingdao 266000, China. (3)Marine Science research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China. (4)Sanya Oceanographic Institution of Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China. To reduce the risk of N-nitrosamines in deli meat products, this study formulated a novel non-contact N-nitrosamines inhibiting preservative IV (NIP-IV) consisting of biocontrol bacteria and plant essential oils (EOs) (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila SR-1 + Paenibacillus provencensis PP-2 + Bacillus subtilis CF-3+ cinnamon EO + grapefruit EO). Luncheon pork, spiced beef, and red sausage were taken as representatives of typical deli meat products and used to validate the effectiveness of NIP-IV in inhibiting N-nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA) production. The results showed that NIP-IV restrain protein degradation and lipid oxidation in deli meat products and effectively control microbial activity. Biogenic amines, such as phenethylamine, spermidine, cadaverine, and tyramine, were reduced. The conversion of nitrite to NDMA in deli meats was effectively inhibited by NIP-IV. Volatile organic compounds were the key to excellent NIP-IV non-contact preservation. Butyric acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, benzaldehyde, d-limonene, and (E)-cinnamaldehyde were significantly negatively correlated with NDMA in deli meat products. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101897 PMCID: PMC11532439 PMID: 39498253 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. 4. Heliyon. 2024 Oct 15;10(20):e39387. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39387. eCollection 2024 Oct 30. Nanoencapsulation of limonene in octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSA-ST) and maltodextrin: Investigation and comparison of physicochemical properties, efficiency and morphology of nanoparticles. Ganje M(1), Jamalifard R(2), Ghaderi S(3), Niakousari M(4). Author information: (1)Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran. (2)Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. (3)Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran. (4)Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. In recent years, the application of nanoencapsulation has attracted enormous attention for various food and pharmaceutical purposes. In this study, a functional powder containing limonene (the nutraceutical at concentration of 5 and 10 %) was prepared using octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSA-ST) and maltodextrin as carriers at 15 and 30 %. The emulsions were sonicated at a frequency of 30 kHz and a power of 100 W for 9 and 18 min, and the final nanoparticles were prepared through freeze-drying. The particle sizes were in the ranges of 62-248 and 10-24 nm in the suspensions of OSA and maltodextrin, respectively. The smaller particles of the maltodextrin-prepared sample resulted in more transparency. The zeta potential and consequently the stability of the maltodextrin-prepared emulsions were higher than those of the OSA-ST-prepared ones. As the maltodextrin concentration increased, this parameter was elevated from -42 to -36 as a result of the coverage of the surface-active lipids. The results of solubility correlated with those of the zeta potential (89.21 % for maltodextrin-prepared and 82.51 % for OSA-ST-prepared samples). The highest encapsulation efficiency (EE = 0.9) belonged to the samples prepared with OSA-ST. Comparison of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the type of the wall material influenced the physical structure of the nanoparticles which were mostly porous and flake-like. Considering its encapsulating-emulsifying properties, OSA-ST can be suggested as a carrier for limonene with the need for emulsifiers. © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39387 PMCID: PMC11532230 PMID: 39498092 Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. 5. J Food Sci. 2024 Nov 4. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.17493. Online ahead of print. Active cardboard box with palm wood waste powder and orange oil to prevent browning and quality loss in cabbage: Mode of action and potential for reuse. Matan N(1)(2), Promwee A(3), Matan N(3)(4). Author information: (1)School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. (2)Center of Excellence in Wood and Biomaterials, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. (3)School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. (4)Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Browning, caused by enzymatic activity and storage conditions, affects cabbage during cold storage and is crucial for customer acceptance. This study investigated the effect of cardboard packaging containing low concentrations of nano-orange oil (ONE) at 0.006% in palm wood waste powder for anti-browning and extending the shelf life of cabbage. The incorporation of ONE into palm wood powder (PWP) using different methods (soaking, vapor, vapor with ultrasonic device, and control) was examined before using the active PWP to develop cardboard cabbage packaging. The reuse of the active cabbage box packaging was also investigated for up to three reuses. The results showed that a greater anti-browning effect was achieved with cardboard packaging made from active PWP with orange oil vapor and an ultrasonic device compared to other adsorption methods, with significantly higher inhibition of the key browning enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). Additionally, antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds were improved, maintaining the bright green color of cabbage after 21 days of storage. The shelf life of cabbage stored in active cardboard was extended to at least 21 days compared to 5 days for the control. The active cabbage box with PWP and ONE vapor with an ultrasonic device showed potential for reuse at least two times. Limonene was found on the surface of stored cabbage and may be a key factor in antimicrobial activity, helping to control microbial growth on the cabbage surface within standard limits during long-term storage. This finding provides valuable guidance for reducing cabbage waste during transportation and storage from farm to market. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research offers new insights into active cardboard packaging made from palm wood powder with a low concentration of orange oil vapor to prevent browning and microbial growth in storage boxes. The optimal method for producing this packaging uses nano-orange oil vapor at 0.006% with an ultrasonic device, which could be feasible for large-scale production. The packaging effectively reduced PPO and POD enzyme activity, delaying browning and extending cabbage shelf life by at least threefold compared to the control, while maintaining color and freshness. This cost-effective method promotes the sustainable use of agricultural waste in the fresh vegetable industry, as it can be reused at least twice, benefiting farmers and reducing cabbage waste. © 2024 Institute of Food Technologists. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17493 PMID: 39495593