Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Bioinformation. 2014 Feb 19;10(2):52-5. doi: 10.6026/97320630010052. eCollection 2014. Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database as HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor. Yanuar A(1), Suhartanto H(2), Munim A(1), Anugraha BH(1), Syahdi RR(1). Author information: (1)Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia. (2)Faculty of Computer Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia. HIV-1 (Human immunodeficiency virus type 1)׳s infection is considered as one of most harmful disease known by human, the survivability rate of the host reduced significantly when it developed into AIDS. HIV drug resistance is one of the main problems of its treatment and several drug designs have been done to find new leads compound as the cure. In this study, in silico virtual screening approach was used to find lead molecules from the library or database of natural compounds as HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Virtual screening against Indonesian Herbal Database with AutoDock was performed on HIV-1 protease. From the virtual screening, top ten compounds obtained were 8-Hydroxyapigenin 8-(2",4"-disulfatoglucuronide), Isoscutellarein 4'-methyl ether, Amaranthin, Torvanol A, Ursonic acid, 5-Carboxypyranocyanidin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl-beta-glucopyranoside), Oleoside, Jacoumaric acid, Platanic acid and 5-Carboxypyranocyanidin 3-O-beta-glucopyranoside. DOI: 10.6026/97320630010052 PMCID: PMC3937575 PMID: 24616554 2. Nat Prod Res. 2013;27(22):2140-3. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2013.778853. Epub 2013 Mar 22. Antidepressant, anxiolytic and adaptogenic activity of torvanol A: an isoflavonoid from seeds of Solanum torvum. Mohan M(1), Attarde D, Momin R, Kasture S. Author information: (1)a M.G.V.'s College of Pharmacy , Panchavati, Nasik 03 Maharashtra India. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of torvanol A (10 and 30 mg/kg) isolated from Solanum torvum as antidepressant, anxiolytic and adaptogenic. Forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), elevated plus maze (EPM) test, light dark apparatus (LDA), pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions model and chronic stress-induced behavioural despair test were used. Torvanol A significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the immobility period, increased the time spent in open arms and entries in open arms, decreased the time spent in closed arms, increased the time spent in light area and decreased the time spent in dark area. Combination of torvanol A with various antagonists - prazocin(62.5 μg/kg, i.p.), para chloro phenyl alanine (pCPA) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (50 μg/kg, i.p.) - has also produced the same effect in various behavioural parameters in FST, TST, EPM and LDA as the respective antagonists. This suggests involvement of noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic and gabaergic mechanisms. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.778853 PMID: 23521182 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Phytochemistry. 2002 Feb;59(4):459-63. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00417-4. Antiviral isoflavonoid sulfate and steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Arthan D(1), Svasti J, Kittakoop P, Pittayakhachonwut D, Tanticharoen M, Thebtaranonth Y. Author information: (1)Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. The C-4 sulfated isoflavonoid, torvanol A (1), and the steroidal glycoside, torvoside H (3), together with the known glycoside, torvoside A (2), were isolated from a MeOH extract of Solanum torvum fruits. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucosidase, torvoside A (2) and torvoside H (3) yielded the corresponding acetal derivatives 4 and 5, respectively. Torvanol A (1), torvoside H (3) and compound 5 exhibited antiviral activity (herpes simplex virus type 1) with IC(50) values of 9.6, 23.2 and 17.4 microg/ml, respectively. Compounds 1-5 showed no cytotoxicity (at 50 microg/ml) against BC, KB and Vero cell lines. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00417-4 PMID: 11830167 [Indexed for MEDLINE]