Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Clemastine.

Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National 
Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006–.
2024 Aug 15.

Small occasional doses of clemastine are acceptable during breastfeeding. Larger 
doses or more prolonged use may cause drowsiness and other effects in the infant 
or decrease the milk supply, particularly in combination with a sympathomimetic 
such as pseudoephedrine or before lactation is well established. Single bedtime 
doses after the last feeding of the day may be adequate for many women and will 
minimize any effects of the drug. The nonsedating antihistamines are preferred 
alternatives.

PMID: 30000667


2. Pest Manag Sci. 2024 Nov;80(11):5648-5655. doi: 10.1002/ps.8281. Epub 2024 Jul
 11.

Repellency, toxicity, and physiological actions of low molecular weight basic 
amines in mosquitoes.

Yang L(1)(2), Demares F(1)(3), Norris EJ(4), Bloomquist JR(1).

Author information:
(1)Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, 
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
(2)Corteva Agriscience, Shanghai, China.
(3)CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
(4)Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, United States 
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the behavioral responses and toxicity of 
three basic amines: 1-methylpiperazine, 1-methylpyrrolidine, and triethylamine 
(TEA), compounds suggested previously to be anosmic in vapor exposures to caged 
mosquitoes.
RESULTS: These compounds showed repellency of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, followed 
by flightlessness, knockdown, and paralysis, all increasing with exposure time 
and dosage. Electrophysiological experiments showed a blocking effect on nerve 
discharge of the Drosophila melanogaster larval central nervous system (CNS) 
with little evidence of hyperexcitation. Blockage of voltage-gated (Kv2) 
potassium channel currents under patch clamp occurred at similar concentrations. 
Involvement of K+ channels in the action of basic amines was supported by 
behavior and CNS recordings of a Shaker Kv1 mutant exposed to TEA, where instead 
of blockage, a hyperexcitation of nerve firing was observed. Experiments on 
cockroach leg mechanoreceptors demonstrated neuronal excitation and on mosquito 
antennae strong electroantennogram (EAG) signals with an augmentation of blank 
air responses after a single puff of basic amine.
CONCLUSIONS: The neurophysiological effects of basic amines are consistent with 
K+ channel block, whereas the antennal EAG response was not obviously associated 
with anosmia. The low-dose effects of basic amines appear to be repellency and 
bradykinesia. Overall, the findings provide key insights into the mechanisms 
underlying the biological activity of basic amines. © 2024 Society of Chemical 
Industry.

© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

DOI: 10.1002/ps.8281
PMID: 38993039 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


3. Inorg Chem. 2024 Apr 29;63(17):7966-7972. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00986. 
Epub 2024 Apr 15.

Three-Step Ferroelastic Transitions from Hexagonal to Triclinic Phases in a 
Hybrid Perovskite: (1-Fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrrolidine)[CdCl(3)].

Chen S(1), Han DC(1), Ye L(1), Zhang WX(1).

Author information:
(1)MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of 
Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

Hybrid ferroelastic crystals have emerged as a hot research topic in recent 
years owing to their prospective applications in piezoelectric sensors, 
mechanical switches, and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, most of the 
documented materials exhibit one-step or two-step ferroelastic phase 
transition(s), and those with multistep ferroelastic transitions are extremely 
scarce. We present a new hexagonal molecular perovskite based on a 
fluoro-substituted flexible cyclic ammonium cation, 
(1-fluoromethyl-1-methylpyrrolidine)[CdCl3] (1), undergoing unusual three-step 
ferroelastic phase transitions from hexagonal paraelastic phase to orthorhombic, 
monoclinic, and triclinic ferroelastic phases at 388, 376, and 311 K, 
respectively, with Aizu notation of 6/mmmFmmm, mmmF2/m, and 2/mF-1, featuring 
spontaneous strain of 0.002, 0.023, and 0.110, respectively. Furthermore, 
variable-temperature single-crystal diffraction reveals that the 
phase-transition mechanism in 1 principally originates from intriguing dynamic 
change of organic cations and synchronous displacement of inorganic chains. This 
scarce instance of multistep hybrid ferroelastic provides important clues for 
finding advanced ferroelastic materials.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00986
PMID: 38620044


4. ChemSusChem. 2021 Nov 19;14(22):5021-5031. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202101446. Epub 
2021 Oct 18.

Conductivity and Stability Properties of Anion Exchange Membranes: Cation Effect 
and Backbone Effect.

Han J(1), Song W(1), Cheng X(1), Cheng Q(2), Zhang Y(1), Liu C(1), Zhou X(1), 
Ren Z(1), Hu M(3), Ning T(3), Xiao L(3), Zhuang L(3).

Author information:
(1)School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic 
University, Wuhan, 430023, P. R. China.
(2)Early Warning Simulation Training Center, People's Liberation Army Air Force 
Early Warning Academy, Wuhan, 430019, P. R. China.
(3)College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical 
Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.

The rise of heterocycle cations, a new class of stable cations, has fueled 
faster growth of research interest in heterocycle cation-attached anion exchange 
membranes (AEMs). However, once cations are grafted onto backbones, the effect 
of backbones on properties of AEMs must also be taken into account. In order to 
comprehensively study the influence of cations effect and backbones effect on 
AEMs performance, a series of AEMs were prepared by grafting spacer cations, 
heterocycles cations, and aromatic cations onto brominated 
poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) or poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) 
(PVB) backbones, respectively. Spacer cation [trimethylamine (TMA), 
N,N-dimethylethylamine (DMEA)]-attached AEMs showed general ion transportation 
and stability behaviors, but exhibited high cationic reaction efficiency. 
Heterocycle cation [1-methylpyrrolidine (MPY), 1-methylpiperidine 
(MPrD)]-attached AEMs showed excellent chemical stability, but their ion 
conduction properties were unimpressive. Aromatic cation [1-methylimidazole 
(MeIm), N,N-dimethylaniline (DMAni)]-attached AEMs exhibited superior ionic 
conductivity, while their poor cations stabilities hindered the application of 
the membranes. Besides, it was found that PVB-based AEMs had excellent backbone 
stability, but BPPO-based AEMs exhibited higher OH- conductivity and cation 
stability than those of the same cations grafted PVB-based AEMs due to their 
higher water uptake (WU). For example, the ionic conductivities (ICs) of 
BPPO-TMA and PVB-TMA at 80 °C were 53.1 and 38.3 mS cm-1 , and their WU was 
152.3 and 95.1 %, respectively. After the stability test, the IC losses of 
BPPO-TMA and PVB-TMA were 21.4 and 32.2 %, respectively. The result demonstrated 
that the conductivity and stability properties of the AEMs could be enhanced by 
increasing the WU of the membranes. These findings allowed the matching of 
cations to the appropriate backbones and reasonable modification of the AEM 
structure. In addition, these results helped to fundamentally understand the 
influence of cation effect and backbone effect on AEM performance.

© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101446
PMID: 34498428


5. Carbohydr Polym. 2021 Mar 1;255:117375. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117375.
Epub  2020 Nov 10.

Influence of ionic liquid-like cationic pendants composition in cellulose based 
polyelectrolytes on membrane-based CO(2) separation.

Nikolaeva D(1), Verachtert K(2), Azcune I(3), Jansen JC(4), Vankelecom IFJ(2).

Author information:
(1)Membrane Technology Group (MTG), cMACS, Faculty Bio-science Engineering, 
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; UCLouvain - IMMC, Materials & 
Process Engineering, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 
Electronic address: daria.nikolaeva@uclouvain.be.
(2)Membrane Technology Group (MTG), cMACS, Faculty Bio-science Engineering, 
Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
(3)Fundación CIDETEC, Paseo Miramon 196, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
(4)Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende 
(CS), Italy.

Cellulose acetate (CA) is an attractive membrane polymer for CO2 capture market. 
However, its low CO2 permeability hampers its application as part of a membrane 
for most relevant types of CO2 containing feeds. This work investigates the 
enhancement of CA separation performance by incorporating ionic liquid-like 
pendants (1-methylimidazol, 1-methylpyrrolidine, and 2-hydroxyethyldimethylamine 
(HEDMA) on the CA backbone. These CA-based polyelectrolytes (PEs), synthesised 
by covalent grafting of cationic pendants with anion metathesis, were 
characterised by NMR, FTIR, DSC/TGA, and processed into thin-film composite 
membranes. The membrane performance in CO2/N2 mixed-gas permeation experiments 
shows a decrease in CO2 and N2 permeability and an initial decrease and then 
gradual increase in CO2/N2 selectivity with increasing HEDMA content. The amount 
of HEDMA attached to the CA backbone determines overall separation process in 
bifunctional PEs. This indicates that the hydroxy-substituted cationic pendants 
alter interactions between PEs network and permeating CO2 molecules, suggesting 
possibilities for further improvements.

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117375
PMID: 33436206