Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 May;196(5):2414-2424. doi: 
10.1007/s12010-023-04574-y. Epub 2023 Jun 6.

Studying the Bioactive Components and Phytochemicals of the Methanol Extract of 
Rhanterium epapposum Oliv.

El-Ashmawy IM(1)(2), Aljohani ASM(1), Soliman AS(3).

Author information:
(1)Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary 
Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
(2)Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 
University, Alexandria, Egypt.
(3)Department of Basic Science, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and 
Technology, Alexandria, Egypt. soliman.amal@yahoo.com.

Rhanterium epapposum Oliv. (locally known as Al-Arfaj) belongs to the family 
Asteraceae. This study was designed to discover the bioactive components and 
phytochemicals of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Rhanterium 
epapposum, using Agilent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while the 
mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract matched with the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST08 L). GC-MS analysis of the methanol 
extract of Rhanterium epapposum aerial parts showed presence of sixteen 
compounds. The major compounds among these were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 
(Z, Z, Z)- (9.89), n-hexadecenoic acid (8.44), 
7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (6.60), benzene propanoic acid, 
β-amino-4-methoxy- (6.12), 1.4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4 
a,7,8,8a-octahedron-1-naphthalenol (6.00), 1-dodecanol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- 
(5.64), and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)- (4.84), whereas the minor 
compounds were 9-Octadecenoic acid, (2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester, 
trans- (3.63), Butanoic acid (2.93), Stigmasterol (2.92), 2-Naphthalenemethanol 
(2.66), (2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-phenylmethanesulfonyl)benzene (2.45), 
2-(Ethylenedioxy) ethylamine, N-methyl-N-[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]- (2.00), 
1-Heptatriacotanol (1.69), Ocimene (1.59), and β-Sitosterol (1.25). Furthermore, 
the study was extended to determine the phytochemicals in the methanol extract 
of Rhanterium epapposum, which indicated the positive presence of saponins, 
flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Moreover, quantitative analysis revealed the 
presence of high content of flavonoids, total phenolic, and tannins. This study 
outcome suggests a podium of using Rhanterium epapposum aerial parts as a herbal 
remedy for various diseases especially cancers, hypertension, and diabetes.

© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04574-y
PMID: 37278902 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


2. Plant Mol Biol. 2017 May;94(1-2):185-195. doi: 10.1007/s11103-017-0602-z. Epub
 2017 Mar 18.

RNAi inhibition of feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase reduces scopoletin biosynthesis 
and post-harvest physiological deterioration in cassava (Manihot esculenta 
Crantz) storage roots.

Liu S(1), Zainuddin IM(2)(3), Vanderschuren H(2)(4), Doughty J(5), Beeching 
JR(5).

Author information:
(1)Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, 
UK. sl22g10@hotmail.com.
(2)Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Eidgenössische Technische 
Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
(3)Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Complex 
CSC-LIPI Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia.
(4)Plant Genetics, AgroBioChem Department, Gembloux Agro-BioTech, University of 
Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
(5)Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, 
UK.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major world crop, whose storage roots 
provide food for over 800 million throughout the humid tropics. Despite many 
advantages as a crop, the development of cassava is seriously constrained by the 
rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of its roots that occurs 
within 24-72 h of harvest, rendering the roots unpalatable and unmarketable. PPD 
limits cassava's marketing possibilities in countries that are undergoing 
increased development and urbanisation due to growing distances between farms 
and consumers. The inevitable wounding of the roots caused by harvesting 
triggers an oxidative burst that spreads throughout the cassava root, together 
with the accumulation of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, of 
which the coumarin scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) is the 
most abundant. Scopoletin oxidation yields a blue-black colour, which suggests 
its involvement in the discoloration observed during PPD. Feruloyl CoA 
6'-hydroxylase is a controlling enzyme in the biosynthesis of scopoletin. The 
cassava genome contains a seven membered family of feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase 
genes, four of which are expressed in the storage root and, of these, three were 
capable of functionally complementing Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants in 
this gene. A RNA interference construct, designed to a highly conserved region 
of these genes, was used to transform cassava, where it significantly reduced 
feruloyl CoA 6'-hydroxylase gene expression, scopoletin accumulation and PPD 
symptom development. Collectively, our results provide evidence that scopoletin 
plays a major functional role in the development of PPD symptoms, rather than 
merely paralleling symptom development in the cassava storage root.

DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0602-z
PMCID: PMC5437147
PMID: 28315989 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


3. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2016 Sep;162:441-447. doi: 
10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.010. Epub 2016 Jul 14.

Green chemical approach towards the synthesis of SnO2 NPs in argument with 
photocatalytic degradation of diazo dye and its kinetic studies.

Haritha E(1), Roopan SM(2), Madhavi G(3), Elango G(4), Al-Dhabi NA(5), Arasu 
MV(5).

Author information:
(1)Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, 
India.
(2)Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department 
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, 
Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: mohanaroopan.s@vit.ac.in.
(3)Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, 
India. Electronic address: gmchem01@gmail.com.
(4)Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department 
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, 
Tamilnadu, India.
(5)Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental 
Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 
11451, Saudi Arabia.

There are variety of effluents are dumped or directly discarded into atmosphere 
due to drastic industrialization which leads to damages in living organisms. To 
prevent many type of environmental defects our research group focused to 
synthesis material which degrades toxic substance like dyes with the help of 
ecofriendly synthesis. We have synthesized Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) 
using aqueous extract of Catunaregam spinosa (C. spinosa) root barks. 
Bio-inspired synthesized SnO2 NPs were monitored by analytical characterization 
which inferred that SnO2 NPs resulted in shape of spherical, with size average 
of 47±2nm. Further bio-green synthesized SnO2 NPs were subjected to degrade 
toxic Congo red dye, which results in higher percentage of degradation with the 
K value of 0.9212 which obeys pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. This report 
said to be novel due to null report on SnO2 NPs synthesized from C. spinosa root 
bark aqueous extract which also stated to be simplest, cheaper and non-toxic 
while compare to other methods. Further to identify the metabolites which is 
present in the aqueous extract were identified through Gas Chromatography and 
Mass Spectrometry with methanol as a solvent results that 
7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one contains higher area percentage of 
67.47 with the retention time (RT) of 18.660.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.010
PMID: 27450298 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


4. Nat Prod Res. 2016 Sep;30(17):2012-6. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1107058. Epub
 2015 Nov 5.

Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from chloroform fraction of 
methanolic extract of Carissa opaca roots.

Ahmed D(1), Fatima K(1), Saeed R(1), Masih R(1).

Author information:
(1)a Department of Chemistry , Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) 
, Lahore , Pakistan.

Carissa opaca is a shrub known for its variety of medicinal applications. This 
study reports isolation and identification of four chemical compounds from its 
roots for the first time. The methanolic extract of the roots was fractionated 
into various solvents with increasing polarity. Chloroform fraction was 
subjected to column and thin layer chromatography to ultimately yield 
2H-cyclopropanaphthalene-2-one, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethylbenzofuran and 5(1H)-azulenone, 
2,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-,(8S-cis). They were 
identified by GC-MS analysis. The compounds exhibited considerable antimicrobial 
activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 
Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with zones of inhibition ranging from 10 
to 13 mm as compared to the standard drug amoxicillin with zones of inhibition 
13-17 mm under the similar conditions. In conclusion, the roots of C. opaca can 
provide new leads for future antimicrobial drugs.

DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1107058
PMID: 26539756 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. Molecules. 2015 Sep 17;20(9):17093-108. doi: 10.3390/molecules200917093.

Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Molecular Composition Derived from Quercus 
cortex (Oak bark) Extract.

Deryabin DG(1), Tolmacheva AA(2).

Author information:
(1)Microbiological Department, Orenburg State University, 13 Pobedy Avenue, 
Orenburg 460018, Russia. dgderyabin@yandex.ru.
(2)Microbiological Department, Orenburg State University, 13 Pobedy Avenue, 
Orenburg 460018, Russia. annatolmacheva56@gmail.com.

Quercus cortex (Oak bark) has been used in European folk medicine since medieval 
times for treatment of diarrhea, stomatitis, pharyngitis and skin inflammations. 
Its antimicrobial activity is a well-known therapeutic property of oak bark, and 
its novel anti-quorum sensing (QS) ability has also been described recently. In 
this study, we examined the bioactive compounds of Quercus cortex extract and 
compared their direct antibacterial and regulatory anti-QS effects against 
Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 in a biotest. Evaluation of the original Quercus 
cortex extract showed weak antibacterial and prominent anti-QS activities that 
were retained and completely restored when the samples were dried and 
re-hydrated. The one-step liquid chromatography result indicated that the 
anti-QS activity might be determined by hydrophobic compounds; however, the 
subsequent reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography led to 
dissipation and loss of the activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 
gave excellent resolution between a majority of the compounds. Based on this 
result, 10 of the 35 identified small molecules were selected for further 
screening. The subsequent investigation indicated several compounds determined 
both the antibacterial and anti-QS activities of the Quercus cortex extract. 
Direct antibacterial activity was shown for 1,2,3-benzenetriol and 
4-propyl-1,3-benzenediol, while sub-inhibitory concentrations of these compounds 
led to anti-QS effects. Five compounds: 
4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-phenol; 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol; 
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one and 
2H-1-benzopyran-2-one were characterized as QS inhibitors independent of any 
effect on bacterial growth. Biologically relevant concentrations of each single 
component showed weak activity only while reconstruction of the small molecule 
composition derived from the Quercus cortex extract provided comparable 
complementary activity against C. violaceum CV026 in the biotest as the crude 
extract.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917093
PMCID: PMC6332234
PMID: 26393551 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict 
of interests.