Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Carbohydr Res. 2013 Oct 18;380:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.019. Epub 2013 Jun 28. Efficient synthesis of building blocks for branched rhamnogalacturonan I fragments. Pogosyan A(1), Gottwald A, Michalik D, Endress HU, Vogel C. Author information: (1)University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. Starting from allyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), allyl (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (5) was synthesized under Helferich conditions. Module 5 was converted to 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl bromide (8) which was then coupled with methyl (allyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-β-d-galactopyranosid)uronate (11) to provide methyl (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-(2-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→4)-(allyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-β-d-galactopyranosid)uronate (14). Alternatively, module 5 was transformed into allyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (9) suitable as an acceptor for the glycosylation with methyl 4-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-α/β-d-galactopyranosyluronate N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate (13) to yield allyl (methyl 4-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-α-d-galactopyranosyluronate)-(1→2)-[2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl]-(1→4)-3-O-benzyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (15). Both trisaccharides modules are suitable for the synthesis of branched pectin fragments. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.019 PMID: 23896158 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Carbohydr Res. 2005 Nov 21;340(16):2494-501. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.07.023. Epub 2005 Oct 5. An efficient synthesis of methyl 1,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-fructofuranoside and 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose dimethyl acetal derivatives from sucrose. Hanaya T(1), Sato N, Yamamoto H. Author information: (1)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. hanaya@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp Acetalation of sucrose with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in 1,4-dioxane in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, followed by acetylation, afforded methyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-1,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-fructofuranoside and 4-O-acetyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose dimethyl acetal as major products, while tosylation of the intermediate acetals provided methyl 6-O-tosyl-1,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-fructofuranose. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.07.023 PMID: 16168975 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Carbohydr Res. 2004 Jan 2;339(1):21-7. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.031. Synthesis of an apiose-containing disaccharide fragment of rhamnogalacturonan-II and some analogues. Chauvin AL(1), Nepogodiev SA, Field RA. Author information: (1)Centre for Carbohydrate Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. Beta-rhamnosylation of methyl 2-C-hydroxymethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-erythrofuranoside and methyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-ribofuranoside was achieved using 4-O-acetyl-2,3-O-carbonyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl bromide and Ag2O as a promoter. Deprotected disaccharides beta-L-Rhap-(1-->3')-beta-D-Apif-OMe and beta-L-Rhap-(1-->3')-beta-D-Ribf-OMe were compared to their alpha-rhamnosyl isomers which were prepared using conventional Helferich glycosylation. DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.031 PMID: 14659667 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Carbohydr Res. 2003 May 1;338(10):1121-5. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00066-1. An unusual course of thioglycoside activation with bromine: synthesis and crystal structure of 4-O-acetyl-2-bromo-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-trifluroacetamido-alpha-L-altropyranosyl bromide. Dulin ML(1), Noecker LA, Kassel WS, Giuliano RM. Author information: (1)Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, PA 19085, USA. Bromine activation of phenyl 4-O-acetyl-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-trifluoroacetamido-1-thio-alpha,beta-L-ribo-hexopyranoside and attempted coupling with an acceptor in the presence of silver silicate gave an unusual bicyclic product, 2-trifluoromethyl-(4-O-acetyl-2-bromo-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-altrohexopyrano)-[3,2,1-d,e]-2-oxazine, instead of the expected disaccharide. Detailed investigation supported by X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that a trans dibromide is an intermediate in this reaction and that the dibromide is likely formed from a glycal that is generated by elimination during the coupling step. DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00066-1 PMID: 12706979 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Phytochemistry. 2001 Dec;58(8):1239-44. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00365-x. Acylated flavonol glycosides from Eugenia jambolana leaves. Mahmoud II(1), Marzouk MS, Moharram FA, El-Gindi MR, Hassan AM. Author information: (1)Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt. Two acylated flavonol glycosides and 15 known polyphenols have been isolated and identified from the leaves of Eugenca jambolana Lam. The structures of the new compounds were identified as 3-O-(4"-O-acetyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside of mearnsetin (myricetin 4'-methyl ether) and myricetin 3-O-(4"-O-acetyl-2"-O-galloyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. The complete structure elucidation of all isolated metabolites based on chemical and spectroscopic methods of analysis (UV, 1D and 2D NMR) as well as negative ESI-MS with and without CID in-source fragmentation. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00365-x PMID: 11738415 [Indexed for MEDLINE]