Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. J Pharmacopuncture. 2024 Jun 30;27(2):101-109. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2024.27.2.101. Pandanus amaryllifoius Roxb. Leaves Ethanol Extract Ameliorates Lipid and Proinflammatory Cytokines Profiles in a Rat Model of Dyslipidemia. Lumbanraja MP(1), Anggadiredja K(1), Kurniati NF(1), Muhammad HN(1). Author information: (1)Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia. OBJECTIVES: Dyslipidemia has currently become a major health challenge that still opens for safer and more effective modes of treatment. The plant Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (pandan) has been indicated to contain active ingredients that interfere with the pathological pathway of dyslipidemia. The aim of the study was to test the effects of pandan leaves ethanol extract on lipid and proinflammatory profiles in a rat dyslipidemic model. METHODS: Dyslipidemia was induced by administration of high-fat feed for 8 weeks. Treatments (vehicle, the reference drug simvastatin at 1.8 mg/kg, and extract at 200, 300 or 600 mg/kg) were given for 4 weeks following the completion of induction. RESULTS: Significant post-treatment decreases in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels in groups receiving all doses of extract and simvastatin were observed. Similar results were also found in regards to proinflammatory cytokines levels. Pandan extracts significantly lowered the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and NFκB p65. Characterization of metabolite contents of the extract confirmed the presence of the previously suggested active alkaloids pandamarilactonine-A and B. CONCLUSION: Taken together, results of the present study implied the ameliorating effects of pandan leaves ethanol extract in dyslipidemic condition which is potential for opening an avenue in combating this essential component of metabolic disorder. © 2024 Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute. DOI: 10.3831/KPI.2024.27.2.101 PMCID: PMC11194525 PMID: 38948314 Conflict of interest statement: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work. 2. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2008 Sep;341(9):578-83. doi: 10.1002/ardp.200700218. Diastereoselective synthesis of N-Boc-norpandamarilactonine-B and pandamarilactonine-A. Honda T(1), Katoh M, Ushiwata M, Shigehisa H. Author information: (1)Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. honda@hoshi.ac.jp Optically pure N-Boc-norpandamarilactonine-B was diastereoselectively synthesized starting from L-serine by employing a double ring closing metathesis (RCM) of a tetraene derivative as a key reaction. N-Boc-norpandamarilactonine-B obtained was further converted to pandamarilactonine-A. DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700218 PMID: 18763717 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002 Sep;50(9):1303-4. doi: 10.1248/cpb.50.1303. Isolation and structure elucidation of two new alkaloids, pandamarilactonine-C and -D, from Pandanus amaryllifolius and revision of relative stereochemistry of pandamarilactonine-A and -B by total synthesis. Takayama H(1), Ichikawa T, Kitajima M, Nonato MG, Aimi N. Author information: (1)Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan. htakayam@p.chiba-u.ac.jp Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, pandamarilactonine-C and -D, were isolated from Pandanus amaryllifolius. Based on the total synthesis of pandamarilactonine-C and its related alkaloid, pandamarilactonine-A, the relative stereochemistry of pandamarilactonine-A and -B, which was previously proposed by spectroscopic analysis, was revised. DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1303 PMID: 12237561 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. J Nat Prod. 2001 Sep;64(9):1224-5. doi: 10.1021/np010213h. Isolation and characterization of two new alkaloids, norpandamarilactonine-A and -B, from Pandanus amaryllifolius by spectroscopic and synthetic methods. Takayama H(1), Ichikawa T, Kitajima M, Nonato MG, Aimi N. Author information: (1)Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. htakayam@p.chiba-u.ac.jp Two new alkaloids, norpandamarilactonine-A (1) and -B (2), which have a pyrrolidinyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-lactone moiety as in the known pandamarilactonine alkaloids, were isolated from the leaves of Pandanus amaryllifolius. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and total synthesis. DOI: 10.1021/np010213h PMID: 11575961 [Indexed for MEDLINE]