Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. J Chromatogr A. 2024 Oct 28;1738:465477. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465477. 
Online ahead of print.

Optimizing ultrasonication-assisted comprehensive extraction of bioactive 
flavonoids from Pterocarpus santalinus leaves using response surface 
methodology.

Dahat Y(1), Ganguly S(2), Khan A(2), Gajbhiye RL(3), Kumar D(4).

Author information:
(1)Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical 
Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India; 
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
(2)Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical 
Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
(3)National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export 
Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, 844102, India.
(4)Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical 
Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India; 
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India. 
Electronic address: deepak@iicb.res.in.

The leaves of Pterocarpus santalinus have been identified as a good source of 
health-beneficial flavonoids through the amalgamation of untargeted metabolomics 
using UHPLC-ESI-MSn leading to the identification of flavone-glycosides bearing 
isorhamnetin and quercetin skeletons. To unveil the optimum ultrasonication 
extraction conditions required for the comprehensive extraction of major 
flavone-glycosides, 
isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-(2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)glucopyranoside and 
isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, the response surface methodology based on 
Box-Behnken design was adopted. The influence of input extraction parameters 
extraction time (X1): 15-45 min, temperature (X2): 40-60 °C and biomass-solvent 
ratio (X3): 60-100 on the extractive yield and comprehensive flavonoid content 
resulted in the optimal conditions as 19.09 min, 48.65 oC, and 72.15, 
respectively. The investigation provides a sustainable approach for recovering 
health-beneficial flavone-glycosides for utilization in various industries.

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465477
PMID: 39500076

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.


2. AMB Express. 2024 Nov 4;14(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s13568-024-01776-3.

Crotalaria madurensis flavonol glycosides' antibacterial activity against 
Staphylococcus aureus.

Mohammed HS(1), Abu El Wafa SA(1), Ibrahim MH(2), Fathy RM(3), Seif-Eldein 
NA(4).

Author information:
(1)Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar 
University, Cairo, Egypt.
(2)Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of 
Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
(3)Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research 
and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
(4)Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar 
University, Cairo, Egypt. nohaseifeldein@azhar.edu.eg.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are prevalent in 
hospitals and often lead to significant health complications. This study aimed 
to explore the chemical composition of the aerial part of Crotalaria madurensis 
and evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The impact of gamma 
irradiation on the antibacterial properties of the plant extract and metabolite 
1 against MRSA was also examined. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was 
conducted on the filtrates of untreated MRSA and MRSA treated with the plant 
extract and metabolite 1. Four flavonol glycosides were identified as gossypetin 
8-methoxy, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (metabolite 1), gossypetin 
8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (metabolite 2), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucpyranoside 
(Astragalin, metabolite 3), and herbacetin 7-methoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 
(metabolite 4). All metabolites exhibited significant antioxidant properties 
using different assays. The antibacterial efficacy of the extract and metabolite 
1, which showed substantial antioxidant properties compared to the other 
isolated metabolites, was evaluated. Both the plant extract and metabolite 1 
significantly reduced the viability and cell count of MRSA at concentrations of 
1.0 and 0.5 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity of the plant extract and 
metabolite 1 was assessed after gamma irradiation at 50 and 100 Gy, which did 
not significantly affect the antibacterial efficiency. FTIR analysis indicated 
that the plant extract and metabolite 1 significantly altered the band frequency 
values, bandwidth, and peak intensity % of the treated MRSA filtrate. Molecular 
docking studies suggested that metabolite 1 exhibited the highest antioxidant 
and anti-MRSA activity, with strong binding scores like the ligand, indicating 
an effective interaction and high affinity between metabolite 1 and the target 
molecule.

© 2024. The Author(s).

DOI: 10.1186/s13568-024-01776-3
PMCID: PMC11535145
PMID: 39495369

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests.


3. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Oct 9;17(10):1349. doi: 10.3390/ph17101349.

Potential Anti-Obesity Effect of Hazel Leaf Extract in Mice and Network 
Pharmacology of Selected Polyphenols.

Zhao J(1), Alimu A(1), Li Y(1), Lin Z(1), Li J(1), Wang X(1), Wang Y(1), Lv 
G(1), Lin H(1), Lin Z(1).

Author information:
(1)College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 
130117, China.

Background: Obesity is gradually becoming a widespread health problem, and 
treatment using natural compounds has seen an increasing trend. As a by-product 
of hazelnut, hazel leaf is usually disposed of as waste, but it is widely used 
in traditional and folk medicines around the world. Aim of this study: Based on 
previous studies, the effects of the regulation of lipid metabolism and the 
mechanism of hazel leaf polyphenol extraction obesity were investigated. 
Methods: In this study, a high-fat diet-fed mouse model of obesity and 3T3-L1 
preadipocytes were established. The ameliorative effects of the hazel leaf 
polyphenol extract on obesity and the regulating lipid metabolisms were explored 
based on network pharmacology, gut microbiota, and molecular docking. Results: 
Network pharmacology showed that hazel leaf polyphenols may play a role by 
targeting key targets, including PPARγ, and regulating the PPAR signaling 
pathway. They significantly improved body weight gain, the liver index, and 
adiposity and lipid levels; regulated the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty 
acid contents; down-regulated the expression of lipid synthesis proteins 
SREBP1c, PPARγ, and C/EBP-α; and up-regulated the expression of p-AMPK in obese 
mice. They inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and the expression of 
related proteins is consistent with the results in vivo. The molecular docking 
results indicated that gallic acid, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 
quercetin, myricetin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in the hazel leaf polyphenol 
extract had strong binding activities with PPARγ, C/EBP-α, and AMPK. 
Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the hazel leaf polyphenol extract can 
improve obesity by regulating lipid metabolism, which provides a valuable basis 
for developing health products made from hazel leaf polyphenols in the future.

DOI: 10.3390/ph17101349
PMCID: PMC11510286
PMID: 39458990

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.


4. Phytochemistry. 2024 Oct 19;229:114308. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114308. 
Online ahead of print.

Biflavonoids and bi- and tricoumarins from Daphne mezereum and inhibition of 
TNF-α secretion.

Mohamed WN(1), Butt HS(2), Schmidt TJ(3), Eltvik AA(4), Wu D(5), Malterud KE(6), 
Inngjerdingen M(7), Inngjerdingen KT(8), Wangensteen H(9).

Author information:
(1)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
warsan_98@hotmail.com.
(2)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
h.s.butt@farmasi.uio.no.
(3)Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of 
Münster, PharmaCampus-Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany. Electronic 
address: thomschm@uni-muenster.de.
(4)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
a.a.eltvik@farmasi.uio.no.
(5)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway; School of Food Science and 
Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 
Guangdong, 510640, China. Electronic address: 202010105392@mail.scut.edu.cn.
(6)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
k.e.malterud@farmasi.uio.no.
(7)Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
marit.inngjerdingen@medisin.uio.no.
(8)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
k.t.inngjerdingen@farmasi.uio.no.
(9)Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of 
Oslo, Postbox 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: 
helle.wangensteen@farmasi.uio.no.

Daphne mezereum L. (Thymelaeaceae) was an important medicinal plant in Norway 
during the 18th and 19th centuries and used against diseases such as diarrhea, 
swelling, stomach pain, and tuberculosis. Five previously undescribed phenolic 
compounds, including two biflavonoids with a catechin core structure, two 
tricoumarins, and one bicoumarin, together with ten known compounds were 
isolated from a 50% EtOH extract of the bark of D. mezereum. Using NMR, HRESIMS, 
acid hydrolysis, and circular dichroism spectra, the biflavonoids were 
identified as 3'-hydroxygenkwanol A and 3'-hydroxydihydrodaphnodorin B, and the 
coumarins were identified as 3‴-O-acetyltriumbellin, triumbellin 
4‴-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and daphnogitin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. The absolute 
configuration of dihydrodaphnodorin B was for the first time established as 2R, 
3S, 2″S, 3″S. Daphnin, syringin, 3'-hydroxydihydrodaphnodorin B, 
dihydrodaphnodorin B, and neochamaejasmin A and B were identified as the major 
secondary metabolites in the extract. Neochamaejasmin A and B showed the most 
potent inhibition of TNF-α secretion in Con A stimulated peripheral blood 
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 71.3 ± 3.4 and 83.5 ± 11.5% inhibition, 
respectively, at 50 μM.

Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114308
PMID: 39433079

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no conflicts of interests.


5. Nat Prod Res. 2024 Oct 14:1-9. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2415429. Online
ahead  of print.

Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the aerial part of Solanum 
betaceum Cav. (Solanaceae).

Demgne LW(1), Tsopmene UJ(2), Kianfé BY(1), Dzoyem JP(2), Teponno RB(1), Barboni 
L(3), Tapondjou LA(1), Ponou BK(1).

Author information:
(1)Research Unit of Environmental and Applied Chemistry, Department of 
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
(2)Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, 
Dschang, Cameroon.
(3)School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, 
CHIP - CHemistry Interdisciplinary Project, Camerino, Italy.

A new saponin namely diosgeninoside (25 R-spirost-5-en-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl 
(1→2) - β-D-glucuronic acid]) and a new fatty acid betacic acid: 
(Z)-8(S*),9(S*),10(R*)-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic acid together with six known 
compounds: N-trans-coumaroyl tyramine, ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol, 
β-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, L-threitol and 
soya-cerebroside I were isolated from the methanolic extract of Solanum 
betaceum. The structures were elucidated by interpretation of their 1D and 2D 
NMR spectra and spectrometric data. The methanolic extract, the EtOAc and n-BuOH 
fractions, and several isolated compounds were tested for antibacterial activity 
against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; 
Escherichia coli; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The methanolic extract and the 
EtOAc fraction showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of 128 µg/mL. Compound 1 showed moderate 
activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 64 µg/mL.

DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2415429
PMID: 39401069