Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 Oct;192 Suppl 1:114991. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2024.114991.  Epub 2024 Sep 13.

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol, 
CAS Registry Number 536-59-4.

Api AM(1), Bartlett A(1), Belsito D(2), Botelho D(1), Bruze M(3), 
Bryant-Freidrich A(4), Burton GA Jr(5), Cancellieri MA(1), Chon H(1), Dagli 
ML(6), Dekant W(7), Deodhar C(1), Farrell K(1), Fryer AD(8), Jones L(1), Joshi 
K(1), Lapczynski A(1), Lavelle M(1), Lee I(1), Moustakas H(1), Muldoon J(1), 
Penning TM(9), Ritacco G(1), Sadekar N(1), Schember I(1), Schultz TW(10), 
Siddiqi F(1), Sipes IG(11), Sullivan G(12), Thakkar Y(1), Tokura Y(13).

Author information:
(1)Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, 
Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
(2)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Columbia University Medical Center, 
Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
(3)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Malmo University Hospital, 
Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, 
Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden.
(4)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne 
State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
(5)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, School of Natural Resources & 
Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann 
Arbor, MI, 58109, USA.
(6)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Sao Paulo, School of 
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. 
Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
(7)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Wuerzburg, Department 
of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
(8)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Oregon Health & Science University, 
3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
(9)Member of Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Pennsylvania, 
Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 
1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, 
Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA.
(10)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The University of Tennessee, 
College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River 
Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA.
(11)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Department of Pharmacology, 
University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 
245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA.
(12)Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, 
Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA. Electronic address: gsullivan@rifm.org.
(13)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The Journal of Dermatological 
Science (JDS), Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of 
Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114991
PMID: 39265721 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper. We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest 
associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial 
support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. RIFM staff are 
employees of the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM). The 
Expert Panel receives a small honorarium for time spent reviewing the subject 
work.


2. Cannabidiol.

Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National 
Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 2006–.
2024 Jun 15.

Cannabidiol is a component of cannabis. Cannabidiol has not been studied in 
nursing women taking the pharmaceutical product, but it has been detected in the 
breastmilk of some mothers who used cannabis products.[1-3] Because no published 
information is available with cannabidiol use as an antiepileptic during 
breastfeeding, an alternate drug may be preferred, especially while nursing a 
newborn or preterm infant.

PMID: 30601607


3. J Chem Ecol. 2024 Jun 6. doi: 10.1007/s10886-024-01508-8. Online ahead of
print.

Exploring the Nature of Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: 
Spondylidinae) Pheromone Attraction.

Kerr JL(1), Romo CM(2), O'Connor B(2), Dickson G(2), Novoselov M(2), 
Aguilar-Arguello S(2), Todoroki C(3), Najar-Rodriguez A(4), Manning LA(4), 
Twidle A(4), Barrington A(5), Leclair G(6), Mayo P(6), Sweeney J(6).

Author information:
(1)Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, 
Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand. Jessica.Kerr@scionresearch.com.
(2)Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited), 10 Kyle Street, 
Riccarton, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand.
(3)Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Limited), Te Papa Tipu Innovation Park, 
Tikokorangi Drive, Rotorua, New Zealand.
(4)Plant and Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, 74 Gerald 
St, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand.
(5)Plant and Food Research, 120 Mt Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025, New 
Zealand.
(6)Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 
1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6, Canada.

Cerambycid species of the Spondylidinae subfamily are distributed worldwide and 
are known for being prolific invaders that infest conifers. In New Zealand, 
Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant), the burnt pine longhorn beetle, is well-established 
and requires monitoring at high-risk sites such as ports, airports, and sawmills 
as part of the requirements to meet pine log export standards set by the New 
Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries (MPI). Currently, its surveillance relies 
on traps baited with host volatiles (i.e., ethanol and α-pinene). We used 
volatile collections from adult beetles, electroantennograms, and field trapping 
bioassays to identify the pheromones emitted by the burnt pine longhorn beetle 
A. ferus and their effects on its behaviour. We show that A. ferus males emit 
mainly (E)-fuscumol and geranylacetone, as well as the minor components, 
α-terpinene and p-mentha-1,3,8-triene, and that all four compounds elicit a 
dose-dependent response in antennae of both sexes. Traps baited with the binary 
combination of geranylacetone plus fuscumol captured significantly more female 
A. ferus than did unbaited traps in two of three field experiments. α-Terpinene 
did not affect A. ferus trap catches and effects of p-mentha-1,3,8-triene on 
trap catch were not determined. Our findings provide further evidence of the use 
of fuscumol and geranylacetone as aggregation-sex pheromones by longhorn beetles 
in the Spondylidinae subfamily, and suggest that their deployment in survey 
traps may improve the efficacy of A. ferus monitoring in New Zealand and 
elsewhere.

© 2024. His Majesty the King in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister 
of Natural Resources.

DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01508-8
PMID: 38842637


4. Biomolecules. 2023 Jul 20;13(7):1157. doi: 10.3390/biom13071157.

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Three Popular Sideritis Species 
Cultivated in Greece Using GC-MS Analysis.

Kaparakou EH(1), Daferera D(1), Kanakis CD(1), Skotti E(2), Kokotou MG(1), 
Tarantilis PA(1).

Author information:
(1)Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 
Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
(2)Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Terma Leoforou 
Vergoti, 28100 Argostoli, Greece.

(1) Background: The essential oils (EOs) of Sideritis L. have attracted great 
interest due to their pharmacological activities and potential applications in 
the cosmetic and perfume industries. The aim of this work was to study the EO 
chemical composition of three of the most popular, in Greece, mountain tea 
species: namely, these include Sideritis scardica, Sideritis raeseri, and 
Sideritis syriaca. (2) Methods: The EOs were obtained from the aerial parts of 
three Sideritis species that were cultivated in various regions of Greece by 
hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition was studied by gas 
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. (3) Results: The EOs of the 
Sideritis species-S. scardica (SSC1, SSC2, SSC3), S. raeseri (SR1, SR2, SR3), 
and S. syriaca (SS1, SS2, SS3)-were analyzed by GC-MS, and they showed both 
qualitatively and quantitatively high variation in their chemical composition. 
(4) Conclusions: The EOs of S. scardica and S. raeseri from three different 
regions of Greece, and the S. syriaca from three different localities of Crete 
Island in Southern Greece, showed high chemical variability. Although 165 
different components were found to be present in the nine samples through GC-MS 
analysis, only 7 (1-octen-3-ol, linalool, trans-pinocarveol, 
p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, α-terpineol, myrtenol, and verbenone) were common 
components in the nine EOs, which were identified to be highly variable in 
different percentages among the samples. Even the EOs of SS1 and SS2, which were 
cultivated nearby, showed different GC profiles. The composition variation 
observed might be attributed to differentiations in the soil and climatic 
conditions.

DOI: 10.3390/biom13071157
PMCID: PMC10377382
PMID: 37509192 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.


5. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Jul 1;242(Pt 2):124843. doi: 
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124843. Epub 2023 May 13.

Enzyme-assisted polysaccharides extraction from Calocybe indica: Synergistic 
antibiofilm and oxidative stability of essential oil nanoemulsion.

Bains A(1), Sridhar K(2), Kaushik R(3), Chawla P(4), Sharma M(5).

Author information:
(1)Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, 
India.
(2)Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed 
to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India.
(3)School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, 
Dehradun 248007, India.
(4)Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely 
Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India. Electronic address: 
princefoodtech@gmail.com.
(5)Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, 
Meghalaya 793101, India. Electronic address: minaxi86sharma@gmail.com.

Recently, mushroom polysaccharides have been explored to attribute to vital 
biologically important functions, and several extraction techniques can be 
employed, therefore, polysaccharides were extracted from the edible mushroom 
Calocybe indica to explore its functionality. Multiple enzymes viz., cellulase, 
pectinase, and protease (1:1:1) at temperature 47 °C and pH 4.64 with an 
extraction time of 2 h yielded 7.24 % polysaccharide content. The thermograph 
curve of polysaccharides showed two-stage decomposition at a different 
temperature range and decomposition of polysaccharides initiated with an onset 
temperature of 226.77 °C and a maximum peak at 248.90 °C. Hydrodistillation 
processed Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil was characterized using the 
chromatography technique and eucalyptol, p-cymene, Γ-terpinene, 4-epi-cubebol, 
spathulenol, viridiflorol, and p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol was observed as major 
components. As well, we formulated nanoemulsion using mushroom polysaccharide 
and eucalyptus leaf oil with 140.8 nm and evaluated synergistic antimicrobial 
and antibiofilm activity. MIC and MBC values for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. 
coli, and S. typhi were 12.50-3.12 and 6.25-1.56, and for S. aureus were 6.25, 
6.25, 3.12, and 3.12, 3.12, 1.56 and for C. albicans the values were 12.50, 
12.50, 6.250 and 6.25, 6.25, and 3.12 μL/mL respectively. The polysaccharides, 
essential oil, and nanoemulsion showed remarkable antibiofilm activity against 
S. aureus with inhibition of 57.42 ± 0.19, 59.62 ± 0.15, and 69.34 ± 0.19 %, 
while E. coli showed the least antibiofilm activity. However, all three tested 
samples showed significant (p < 0.05) differences against tested pathogenic 
microorganisms with inhibition of biofilm formation. Therefore, it could be 
inferred that the synergistic properties of essential oils with mushroom 
polysaccharides are a promising strategy to enhance antimicrobial efficacy and 
control foodborne pathogens.

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124843
PMID: 37182620 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or 
financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of 
interest.