Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 Oct;192 Suppl 1:115012. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2024.115012.  Epub 2024 Sep 18.

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, octyl acetate, CAS 
Registry Number 112-14-1.

Api AM(1), Bartlett A(1), Belsito D(2), Botelho D(1), Bruze M(3), 
Bryant-Freidrich A(4), Burton GA Jr(5), Cancellieri MA(1), Chon H(1), Dagli 
ML(6), Dekant W(7), Deodhar C(1), Farrell K(1), Fryer AD(8), Jones L(1), Joshi 
K(1), Lapczynski A(1), Lavelle M(1), Lee I(1), Moustakas H(1), Muldoon J(1), 
Penning TM(9), Ritacco G(1), Sadekar N(1), Schember I(1), Schultz TW(10), 
Siddiqi F(1), Sipes IG(11), Sullivan G(12), Thakkar Y(1), Tokura Y(13).

Author information:
(1)Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, 
Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
(2)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Columbia University Medical Center, 
Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
(3)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Malmo University Hospital, 
Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, 
Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden.
(4)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne 
State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
(5)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, School of Natural Resources & 
Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann 
Arbor, MI, 58109, USA.
(6)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Sao Paulo, School of 
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. 
Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
(7)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Wuerzburg, Department 
of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
(8)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Oregon Health & Science University, 
3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
(9)Member of Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Pennsylvania, 
Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 
1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, 
Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA.
(10)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The University of Tennessee, 
College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River 
Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA.
(11)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Department of Pharmacology, 
University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 
245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA.
(12)Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, 
Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA. Electronic address: gsullivan@rifm.org.
(13)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The Journal of Dermatological 
Science (JDS), Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of 
Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115012
PMID: 39304080 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper. We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest 
associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial 
support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. RIFM staff are 
employees of the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM). The 
Expert Panel receives a small honorarium for time spent reviewing the subject 
work.


2. Food Res Int. 2024 Oct;194:114763. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114763. Epub
2024  Jul 14.

Aroma component analysis by HS-SPME/GC-MS to characterize Lager, Ale, and sour 
beer styles.

Edgar Herkenhoff M(1), Brödel O(2), Frohme M(3).

Author information:
(1)Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of 
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu 
Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Food Research Center FoRC, 
University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 
05508-000, Brazil. Electronic address: marcos.herkenhoff@gmail.com.
(2)Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical 
University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany. Electronic address: 
oliver.broedel@th-wildau.de.
(3)Division Molecular Biotechnology and Functional Genomics, Technical 
University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany. Electronic address: 
mfrohme@th-wildau.de.

The world of beer is a rich tapestry woven with diverse styles, each with its 
unique character. Lager, known for its crispness, ferments at lower 
temperatures, while ale, at warmer ones, boasts a wide spectrum of aromas. 
Belgian beers dazzle with their complexity, from fruity Trappist ales to sour 
lambics. German wheat beers, like hefeweizens, charm with their effervescence 
and fruity undertones. India Pale Ales (IPAs) showcase a hoppy burst, while sour 
ales tantalize with their tanginess. Craftsmanship, history, and regional 
ingredients intertwine in this world of brewing, offering aficionados an array 
of delightful experiences. Research on craft beer aromas is limited, and 
molecular fingerprint could be crucial. To date, there have been no studies 
focused on characterizing compound profiles to differentiate beer styles. The 
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) method provides a rapid and 
solvent-free approach to volatile compound. The present study aims to 
characterize the aroma profile of a wide range of beers by using HS-SPME/GC-MS 
technique combined with multivariate data processing. A total of 120 beer 
samples were collected and divided into five categories: Pilsen (n = 28); Lager 
(n = 23); Ale (n = 32); Sour (n = 24); and Belgian Ales (n = 13). Among the 
Pilsen beers, 18 unique compounds were found for beers with hop extract and 
hops, and 2 for beers with hop extract (Octyl acetate; and alpha-Terpineol). 
When comparing the remaining groups to each other, Belgian beers exhibited 5 
unique compounds, and Lagers had one (nonanal). Sours and Ales did not have 
unique compounds but shared 2 distinct compounds with the Belgian group each. We 
concluded that Belgian beers are the most complex in terms of various 
aroma-related compounds, and that it is possible to distinguish beers that use 
pure hops from hop extract.

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114763
PMID: 39232500 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.


3. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 Jul;189 Suppl 1:114690. doi:
10.1016/j.fct.2024.114690.  Epub 2024 Apr 30.

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 3-octyl acetate, CAS 
registry number 4864-61-3.

Api AM(1), Bartlett A(1), Belsito D(2), Botelho D(1), Bruze M(3), 
Bryant-Freidrich A(4), Burton GA Jr(5), Cancellieri MA(1), Chon H(1), Dagli 
ML(6), Dekant W(7), Deodhar C(1), Farrell K(1), Fryer AD(8), Jones L(1), Joshi 
K(1), Lapczynski A(1), Lavelle M(1), Lee I(1), Moustakas H(1), Muldoon J(1), 
Penning TM(9), Ritacco G(1), Sadekar N(1), Schember I(1), Schultz TW(10), 
Siddiqi F(1), Sipes IG(11), Sullivan G(12), Thakkar Y(1), Tokura Y(13).

Author information:
(1)Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, 
Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA.
(2)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Columbia University Medical Center, 
Department of Dermatology, 161 Fort Washington Ave., New York, NY, 10032, USA.
(3)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Malmo University Hospital, 
Department of Occupational & Environmental Dermatology, Sodra Forstadsgatan 101, 
Entrance 47, Malmo, SE-20502, Sweden.
(4)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne 
State University, 42 W. Warren Ave., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
(5)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, School of Natural Resources & 
Environment, University of Michigan, Dana Building G110, 440 Church St., Ann 
Arbor, MI, 58109, USA.
(6)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Sao Paulo, School of 
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, Av. Prof. dr. 
Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
(7)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Wuerzburg, Department 
of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
(8)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Oregon Health & Science University, 
3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
(9)Member of Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, University of Pennsylvania, 
Perelman School of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, 
1316 Biomedical Research Building (BRB) II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, 
Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3083, USA.
(10)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The University of Tennessee, 
College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, 2407 River 
Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996- 4500, USA.
(11)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, Department of Pharmacology, 
University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 
245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050, USA.
(12)Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, 
Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA. Electronic address: gsullivan@rifm.org.
(13)Member Expert Panel for Fragrance Safety, The Journal of Dermatological 
Science (JDS), Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of 
Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.

DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114690
PMID: 38697500 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper. We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest 
associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial 
support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. RIFM staff are 
employees of the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM). The 
Expert Panel receives a small honorarium for time spent reviewing the subject 
work.


4. Chem Biodivers. 2024 Feb;21(2):e202301753. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202301753. Epub 
2024 Jan 12.

Exploring Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude: Phytochemical Analysis and its 
Biological Potential Against Alzheimer's and Diabetes.

Yuca H(1), Aydin B(2), Karakaya S(3), Goger G(4), Bingöl Z(5), Civas A(6), Koca 
M(7), Demirci B(8), Sytar O(9), Gulcin I(10), Guvenalp Z(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Pharmacognosy, Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
(2)Department of Pharmacognosy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Erzincan, 24002, Türkiye.
(3)Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Ataturk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
(4)Department of Pharmacognosy, Afyonkarahisar Health University, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar, 03030, Türkiye.
(5)Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Gaziosmanpasa University, 
Vocational School of Health Services, Tokat, 60000, Türkiye.
(6)Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Services, Igdir University, Igdir, 
76400, Türkiye.
(7)Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ataturk University, Faculty of 
Pharmacy, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
(8)Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Eskisehir, 26470, Türkiye.
(9)Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, 
94976, Slovak Republic.
(10)Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Faculty of Science, Erzurum, 
25240, Türkiye.

In current study antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, 
and human carbonic anhydrase I, and II (hCA I and II) isoenzymes inhibition 
activities of Astrodaucus orientalis different parts were investigated. 
Achetylcholinesterse (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterse (BChE) inhibitory 
activities of octyl acetate were determined via molecular docking. Quantitative 
assessment of specific secondary metabolites was conducted using LC-MS/MS. An 
examination of chemical composition of essential oils was carried out by 
GC-MS/MS. A thorough exploration of plant's anatomical characteristics was 
undertaken. The highest phenolics level and DPPH antioxidant capacity were seen 
in root and fruit. Fruit essential oil demonstrated the highest AChE inhibition 
(44.13±3.61 %), while root dichloromethane sub-extract had the best inhibition 
towards BChE (86.13±2.58 %). Cytosolic hCA I, and II isoenzymes were 
influentially inhibited by root oil with 1.974 and 2.207 μM IC50 values, 
respectively. The most effective extracts were found to be root all 
extract/sub-extracts (except water) against C. tropicalis and C. krusei strains 
with MIC value 160>μg/mL. Sabinene (29.4 %), α-pinene (20.2 %); octyl acetate 
(54.3 %); myrcene (28.0 %); octyl octanoate (71.3 %) were found principal 
components of aerial parts, roots, flowers, and fruits, respectively. Flower 
essential oil, fruit dicloromethane and ethyl acetate exhibited potent 
α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 900, 40, and 937 μg/mL IC50 values, 
respectively.

© 2023 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301753
PMID: 38156418 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. PLoS One. 2023 Dec 21;18(12):e0294067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294067. 
eCollection 2023.

Protective potential of frankincense essential oil and its loaded solid lipid 
nanoparticles against UVB-induced photodamage in rats via MAPK and PI3K/AKT 
signaling pathways; A promising anti-aging therapy.

Kotb EA(1), El-Shiekh RA(1), Abd-Elsalam WH(2), El Sayed NSED(3), El Tanbouly 
N(1), El Senousy AS(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 
Egypt.
(2)Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
(3)Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo 
University, Cairo, Egypt.

Frankincense oil has gained increased popularity in skin care, yet its 
anti-aging effect remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the 
anti-photoaging effect of frankincense (Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst., 
Family Burseraceae) essential oil in an in vivo model. The oil was initially 
extracted by two methods: hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted 
hydro-distillation (MAHD). GC/MS analysis revealed the dominance of n-octyl 
acetate, along with other marker compounds of B. papyrifera including octanol 
and diterpene components (verticilla 4(20) 7, 11-triene and incensole acetate). 
Thereafter, preliminary investigation of the anti-collagenase and anti-elastase 
activities of the extracted oils revealed the superior anti-aging effect of 
HD-extracted oil (FO), comparable to epigallocatechin gallate. FO was 
subsequently formulated into solid lipid nanoparticles (FO-SLNs) via high shear 
homogenization to improve its solubility and skin penetration characteristics 
prior to in vivo testing. The optimimal formulation prepared with 0.5% FO, and 
4% Tween® 80, demonstrated nanosized spherical particles with high entrapment 
efficiency percentage and sustained release for 8 hours. The anti-photoaging 
effect of FO and FO-SLNs was then evaluated in UVB-irradiated hairless rats, 
compared to Vitamin A palmitate as a positive standard. FO and FO-SLNs restored 
the antioxidant capacity (SOD and CAT) and prohibited inflammatory markers (IL6, 
NFκB p65) in UVB-irradiated rats via downregulation of MAPK (pERK, pJNK, and 
pp38) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, alongside upregulating TGF-β expression. 
Subsequently, our treatments induced Procollagen I synthesis and downregulation 
of MMPs (MMP1, MMP9), where FO-SLNs exhibited superior anti-photoaging effect, 
compared to FO and Vitamin A, highlighting the use of SLNs as a promising 
nanocarrier for FO. In particular, FO-SLNs revealed normal epidermal and dermal 
histological structures, protected against UVβ-induced epidermal thickness and 
dermal collagen degradation. Our results indicated the potential use of FO-SLNs 
as a promising topical anti-aging therapy.

Copyright: © 2023 Kotb et al. This is an open access article distributed under 
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits 
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the 
original author and source are credited.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294067
PMCID: PMC10735031
PMID: 38127865 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: The authors have declared that no competing 
interests exist.