Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2024 Nov 7:1-14. doi: 
10.1080/15257770.2024.2426160. Online ahead of print.

In memory of an exquisite medicinal chemist, Prof. Morris Robins.

De Clercq E(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute 
for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 
B-3000Leuven, Belgium.

Among the most prominent realizations of Morris J. Robins in the antiviral 
nucleoside chemistry are (i) the synthesis of 8-substituted (methyl-, amino-, 
bromo-, iodo) derivatives of acyclovir, (ii) xylotubercidin as an inhibitor of 
herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, (iii) the anti-HIV activity of the 
2',3'-dideoxyriboside of 2,6-diaminopurine (ddDAPR) and the 3'-azido- and 
3'-fluoro derivatives thereof (AzddDAPR and FddDAPR, respectively), (iv) the 
potentiating effect of ribavirin on the anti-HIV activity of 
2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) and ddDAPR, (v) S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase 
(SAH) inhibitors principally active against vaccinia virus (VV) and vesicular 
stomatitis virus (VSV), and (vi) furo[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives active 
against varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2426160
PMID: 39508253


2. J Neuroinflammation. 2024 Nov 6;21(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12974-024-03282-6.

Gut microbiota modulates depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic ethanol 
exposure through short-chain fatty acids.

Shen H(#)(1)(2)(3), Zhang C(#)(4), Zhang Q(#)(5)(6), Lv Q(#)(7), Liu H(1)(2)(3), 
Yuan H(2)(3)(8), Wang C(9)(10), Meng F(1)(2)(3), Guo Y(1)(2)(3), Pei J(1)(2)(3), 
Yu C(1)(2)(3), Tie J(1)(2)(3), Chen X(1)(2)(3), Yu H(11)(12)(13), Zhang 
G(14)(15)(16), Wang X(17)(18)(19).

Author information:
(1)Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic 
Medicine, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, 
P. R. China.
(2)Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
(3)China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
(4)Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 
Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China.
(5)Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, China Medical 
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P. R. China.
(6)Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater 
Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China.
(7)Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China 
Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, P. R. China.
(8)Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, China Medical University School 
of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
(9)The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication 
Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China.
(10)Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), 
Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, P. R. China.
(11)Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of 
Forensic Medicine, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. yuhao@cmu.edu.cn.
(12)Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, 
Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. yuhao@cmu.edu.cn.
(13)China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. yuhao@cmu.edu.cn.
(14)Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of 
Forensic Medicine, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. ghzhang@cmu.edu.cn.
(15)Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, 
Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. ghzhang@cmu.edu.cn.
(16)China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. ghzhang@cmu.edu.cn.
(17)Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of 
Forensic Medicine, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. wangxiaolong@cmu.edu.cn.
(18)Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, 
Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. wangxiaolong@cmu.edu.cn.
(19)China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 
Liaoning, 110122, P. R. China. wangxiaolong@cmu.edu.cn.
(#)Contributed equally

BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) is recognized as an important risk 
factor for depression, and the gut-brain axis has emerged as a key mechanism 
underlying chronic ethanol exposure-induced anxiety and depression-like 
behaviors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are the key metabolites 
generated by gut microbiota from insoluble dietary fiber, exert protective roles 
on the central nervous system, including the reduction of neuroinflammation. 
However, the link between gut microbial disturbances caused by chronic ethanol 
exposure, production of SCFAs, and anxiety and depression-like behaviors remains 
unclear.
METHODS: Initially, a 90-day chronic ethanol exposure model was established, 
followed by fecal microbiota transplantation model, which was supplemented with 
SCFAs via gavage. Anxiety and depression-like behaviors were determined by open 
field test, forced swim test, and elevated plus-maze. Serum and intestinal SCFAs 
levels were quantified using GC-MS. Changes in related indicators, including the 
intestinal barrier, intestinal inflammation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophy, and 
nerve damage, were detected using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and 
Nissl staining.
RESULTS: Chronic ethanol exposure disrupted with gut microbial homeostasis, 
reduced the production of SCFAs, and led to anxiety and depression-like 
behaviors. Recipient mice transplanted with fecal microbiota that had been 
affected by chronic ethanol exposure exhibited impaired intestinal structure and 
function, low levels of SCFAs, intestinal inflammation, activation of 
neuroinflammation, a compromised blood-brain barrier, neurotrophic defects, 
alterations in the GABA system, anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Notably, 
the negative effects observed in these recipient mice were significantly 
alleviated through the supplementation of SCFAs.
CONCLUSION: SCFAs not only mitigate damage to intestinal structure and function 
but also alleviate various lesions in the central nervous system, such as 
neuroinflammation, and reduce anxiety and depression-like behaviors, which were 
triggered by transplantation with fecal microbiota that had been affected by 
chronic ethanol exposure, adding more support that SCFAs serve as a bridge 
between the gut and the brain.

© 2024. The Author(s).

DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03282-6
PMID: 39508236


3. Laryngoscope. 2024 Nov 7. doi: 10.1002/lary.31900. Online ahead of print.

Is Topical Tranexamic Acid Effective in Treating Epistaxis?

Munroe KM(1), Sowerby LJ(2), Chin CJ(1).

Author information:
(1)Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, 
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
(2)Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, 
London, Ontario, Canada.

Topical tranexamic acid is used to treat epistaxis. We reviewed the evidence for 
this practice, and found based on the current literature, it may be a useful 
adjunct in managing epistaxis.

© 2024 The Author(s). The Laryngoscope published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on 
behalf of The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

DOI: 10.1002/lary.31900
PMID: 39508212


4. Mol Plant Pathol. 2024 Nov;25(11):e70027. doi: 10.1111/mpp.70027.

A single phosphorylatable amino acid residue is essential for the recognition of 
multiple potyviral HCPro effectors by potato Ny(tbr).

Alex BG(1), Zhang ZY(1)(2), Lasky D(1), Garcia-Ruiz H(3), Dewberry R(1), Allen 
C(1), Halterman D(4), Rakotondrafara AM(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 
Wisconsin, USA.
(2)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring 
and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural 
University, Beijing, China.
(3)Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of 
Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
(4)United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 
Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Potato virus Y (PVY, Potyviridae) is among the most important viral pathogens of 
potato. The potato resistance gene Nytbr confers hypersensitive resistance to 
the ordinary strain of PVY (PVYO), but not the necrotic strain (PVYN). Here, we 
unveil that residue 247 of PVY helper component proteinase (HCPro) acts as a 
central player controlling Nytbr strain-specific activation. We found that 
substituting the serine at 247 in the HCPro of PVYO (HCProO) with an alanine as 
in PVYN HCPro (HCProN) disrupts Nytbr recognition. Conversely, an HCProN mutant 
carrying a serine at position 247 triggers defence. Moreover, we demonstrate 
that plant defences are induced against HCProO mutants with a phosphomimetic or 
another phosphorylatable residue at 247, but not with a phosphoablative residue, 
suggesting that phosphorylation could modulate Nytbr resistance. Extending 
beyond PVY, we establish that the same response elicited by the PVYO HCPro is 
also induced by HCPro proteins from other members of the Potyviridae family that 
have a serine at position 247, but not by those with an alanine. Together, our 
results provide further insights in the strain-specific PVY resistance in potato 
and infer a broad-spectrum detection mechanism of plant potyvirus effectors 
contingent on a single amino acid residue.

© 2024 The Author(s). Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for 
Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

DOI: 10.1111/mpp.70027
PMID: 39508202 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. Inorg Chem. 2024 Nov 7. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04050. Online ahead of 
print.

Tuning the Properties of Rigidified Acyclic DEDPA(2-) Derivatives for 
Application in PET Using Copper-64.

Torralba-Maldonado D(1), Marlin A(2), Lucio-Martínez F(3), Freire-García A(3), 
Whetter J(2), Brandariz I(3), Iglesias E(3), Pérez-Lourido P(4), Ortuño RM(1), 
Boros E(2), Illa O(1), Esteban-Gómez D(3), Platas-Iglesias C(3).

Author information:
(1)Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola 
del Vallès, Spain.
(2)Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 
53706, United States.
(3)Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA) and Departamento de 
Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Galicia, 15071 A Coruña, 
Spain.
(4)Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidade de 
Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain.

We present a detailed investigation of the coordination chemistry toward 
[natCu/64Cu]copper of a series of H2DEDPA derivatives (H2DEDPA = 
6,6'-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(methylene))dipicolinic acid) containing 
cyclohexyl (H2CHXDEDPA), cyclopentyl (H2CpDEDPA) or cyclobutyl (H2CBuDEDPA) 
spacers. Furthermore, we also developed a strategy that allowed the synthesis of 
a H2CBuDEDPA analogue containing an additional NHBoc group at the cyclobutyl 
ring, which can be used for conjugation to targeting units. The X-ray structures 
of the Cu(II) complexes evidence distorted octahedral coordination around the 
metal ion in all cases. Cyclic voltammetry experiments (0.15 M NaCl) evidence 
quasi-reversible reduction waves associated with the reduction of Cu(II) to 
Cu(I). The complexes show a high thermodynamic stability, with log KCuL values 
of 25.11(1), 22.18(1) and 20.19(1) for the complexes of CHXDEDPA2-, CpDEDPA2- 
and CBuDEDPA2-, respectively (25 °C, 1 M NaCl). Dissociation kinetics 
experiments reveal that both the spontaneous- and proton-assisted pathways 
operate at physiological pH. Quantitative labeling with 64CuCl2 was observed at 
0.1 nmol for CHXDEDPA2- and CpDEDPA2-, 0.025 nmol for CBuDEDPA2- and 1 nmol for 
CBuDEDPA-NHBoc2-, with no significant differences observed at 15, 30, and 60 
min. The radio-complexes are stable in PBS over a period of 24 h.

DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04050
PMID: 39508185