Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Chem Asian J. 2018 Apr 16;13(8):939-943. doi: 10.1002/asia.201701697. Epub 2018 Mar 24. Drug Self-Delivery Systems Based on Hyperbranched Polyprodrugs towards Tumor Therapy. Duan X(1), Chen J(1), Wu Y(2), Wu S(3), Shao D(1), Kong J(1). Author information: (1)MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry in Extraordinary Condition, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China. (2)PLA No. 323 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, P. R. China. (3)Max Planck Institut for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany. Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyprodrugs (DOX-S-S-PEG) with drug repeat units in hydrophobic core linked by disulfide bonds were developed as drug self-delivery systems for cancer therapy. The hydroxyl groups and the amine group in doxorubicin (DOX) were linked by 3,3'-dithiodipropanoic acid as hydrophobic hyperbranched cores, then amino-terminated polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG-NH2 ) as hydrophilic shell was linked to hydrophobic cores to form amphiphilic and glutathione (GSH)-responsive micelle of hyperbranched polyprodrugs. The amphiphilic micelles can be disrupted under GSH (1 mg mL-1 ) circumstance. Cell viability of A549 cells and 293T cells was evaluated by CCK-8 and Muse Annexin V & Dead Cell Kit. The disrupted polyprodrugs maintained drug activity for killing tumor cells. Meanwhile, the undisrupted polyprodrugs possessed low cytotoxicity to normal cells. The cell uptake experiments showed that the micelles of DOX-S-S-PEG were taken up by A549 cells and distributed to cell nuclei. Thus, the drug self-delivery systems with drug repeat units in hydrophobic cores linked by disulfide bonds showed significant special advantages: 1) facile one-pot synthesis; 2) completely without toxic or non-degradable polymers; 3) DOX itself functions as fluorescent labeled molecule and self-delivery carrier; 4) drug with inactive form in hyperbranched cores and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. These advantages make them excellent drug self-delivery systems for potential high efficient cancer therapy. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701697 PMID: 29438580 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Inorg Biochem. 2000 Jul 15;81(1-2):11-22. doi: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00107-0. Low-temperature crystal structures of tetrakis-mu-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatobis-dimethylformamidodico pper(II) and tetrakis-mu-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatobis-diethyletheratodicopp er(II) and their role in modulating polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity in overcoming seizures. Morgant G(1), Dung NH, Daran JC, Viossat B, Labouze X, Roch-Arveiller M, Greenaway FT, Cordes W, Sorenson JR. Author information: (1)Laboratoire de Cristallochimie Bioinorganique, Faculté de Pharmacie Paris XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France. Two binuclear copper(II) complexes of 3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods and examined for anti-inflammatory activity using activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and for anticonvulsant activities using electroshock and metrazol models of seizures. These complexes were crystallized from dimethylformamide (DMF) or diethylether. Tetrakis-mu-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatobis-dimethylformamidodicop per(II) [Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4(DMF)2] I is in space group P 1; a = 10.393 (2), b = 11.258 (2), c = 12.734 (2) A, alpha = 96.64 (2), beta = 92.95 (2), gamma = 94.90 (2) degrees; V = 1471.7 (4) A3; Z = 1. Tetrakis-mu-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatobis-etheratodicopper(II ) [Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4(ether)2] II is in space group P 1; a = 10.409 (3), b = 11.901 (4), c = 12.687 (6) A, alpha = 91.12 (5), beta = 90.84 (5), gamma = 100.90 (4) degrees; V = 1542 (1) A3; Z = 1. The structure of I was determined at 140 K from 4361 unique reflections (I > 2sigma(1)) and refined on F2 to R1 = 0.04 and wR2 = 0.09. The structure of II was determined at 180 K from 4605 unique reflections (I > 2sigma(I)) and refined on F2 to R1 = 0.05 and wR2 = 0.13. Each compound is a crystallographically centrosymmetric binuclear complex with Cu atoms bridged by four 3,5-diisopropylsalicylate ligands related by a symmetry center [Cu-Cu(i): 2.6139 (9) A in I and 2.613 (1) in II]. The four nearest O atoms around each Cu atom form a nearly rectangular planar arrangement with the square pyramidal coordination completed by the dimethylformamide (or diethylether) oxygen atom occupying an apical position, at a distance of 2.129 (2) A in I and 2.230 (3) A in II. Each Cu atom is displaced towards the DMF (or diethylether) ligand, by 0.189 A in I and 0.184 A in II, from the plane of the four O atoms. The crystal structures of I and II are essentially similar to each other, except for the DMF or diethylether accommodation. Many disorder phenomena were found in the crystal structure of I. Copper(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4(DMF)2 inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) oxidative metabolism in vitro. This effect was concentration related and significant for concentrations higher than 10 microg or 0.68 nmol/ml. Copper(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4(DMF)2 was more active than the parent ligand, 3,5-DIPS, as has been demonstrated with copper complexes of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The DMF and diethylether ternary complexes of Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 were found to have anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock model of grand mal epilepsy in doses ranging from 26 to 258 micromol/kg of body mass following intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, or oral treatment. The DMF ternary complex was also found to be effective in the subcutaneous injection of metrazol model of petit mal epilepsy. We conclude that both ternary copper complexes are lipophilic and bioavailable, capable of facilitating the inflammatory response to brain injury and causing the subsidence of this response in bringing about remission of these disease states. DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00107-0 PMID: 11001426 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. J Chromatogr. 1982 Jan 29;235(2):507-12. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85915-4. Marijuana metabolites in urine of man. XI. Detection of unconjugated and conjugated delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid by thin-layer chromatography. Kanter SL, Hollister LE, Zamora JU. A method for separating unconjugated and conjugated delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid, the major urinary metabolite of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man, by liquid-liquid extraction and detection of both forms by thin-layer chromatography is described. The unconjugated form of the metabolite is extracted with hexane-diethylether (65:35), and the conjugated form (which remains in the aqueous phase) is extracted with ether after enzymic hydrolysis. The residue of each extract is chromatographed in an alkaline and an acidic solvent sequence, and the metabolites are detected with Fast Blue Salt B. DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85915-4 PMID: 6277971 [Indexed for MEDLINE]