Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Haematologica. 2024 Nov 7. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285905. Online ahead of 
print.

Arsenic trioxide versus Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula in non-high-risk acute 
promyelocytic leukemia: a multicenter, randomized trial.

Chen S(1), Qin W(2), Lu X(3), Liu L(2), Zheng Y(4), Lu X(1), Wang X(1), Zhang 
X(1), Gong S(1), Wei S(1), Zhang H(5), Ding H(1), Seifollah R(1), Li J(1), Zhang 
H(1), Wu D(1), Abiona O(6), He P(1), Zhang R(7), Wald D(6), Wang H(8).

Author information:
(1)Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
(2)Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 
Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
(3)Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
(4)Department of Hematology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi Province.
(5)Department of Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 
Province.
(6)Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
(7)Department of Hematology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
(8)Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. whymed@126.com.

Realgar-Indigo Naturalis Formula (RIF) is an oral form of arsenic that is 
effective against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This multicenter, 
randomized, controlled trial compared the efficacy of all-trans retinoic acid 
(ATRA) plus RIF with ATRA plus arsenic trioxide (ATO) in a simplified regimen 
for non-high-risk APL. Following induction therapy with ATRA and ATO, 
participants were randomly assigned to receive either ATRA plus ATO or ATRA plus 
RIF both in a 2-week on 2-week off schedule for consolidation therapy. Once 
achieving molecular complete remission, the regimen was administered for a total 
of 6 cycles. All of 108 eligible patients achieved hematological complete 
remission after induction therapy. The median follow-up time was 29 months. The 
primary endpoint of two-year disease-free survival was 97% in the ATRA-RIF arm 
and 98% in the ATRA-ATO arm, respectively. (The ATRA-RIF arm was found to be 
non-inferior to the ATRA-ATO arm, (P < .01), with a percentage difference of -1% 
(95%CI, -4.8 to 6.9). No deaths have been observed. Most adverse events were 
moderate. This study confirms the noninferiority of RIF to ATO for non-high-risk 
APL, while also offering a more favorable regimen schedule for post-remission 
therapy. (ClinicalTrials gov. Identifier: as NCT02899169).

DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2024.285905
PMID: 39506905


2. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2024 Sep 20;27(9):697-703. doi: 
10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.24.

[Research Progress on the Mechanism and Diagnostic Markers of Bone Metastasis 

in Small Cell Lung Cancer].

[Article in Chinese; Abstract available in Chinese from the publisher]

Xiang X(1), Nan Y(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated 
Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 
Xi'an 710038, China.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a type of lung cancer with high malignant 
degree, rapid transformation, rapid invasion and metastasis, which is prone to 
early metastasis and poor prognosis. Bone metastases of SCLC occur in three 
stages: cancer cells proliferate at the primary site, break through local 
tissues, enter the blood circulation to form circulating tumor cells (CTCs), 
reach bone tissue through blood circulation, and take root and germinate to form 
new tumor sites with the support of the bone microenvironment. However, 
traditional imaging and pathology examinations have disadvantages such as low 
sensitivity, high cost and difficulty in implementation. Exploratory studies 
based on blood marker detection as screening and efficacy evaluation of SCLC 
bone metastases have been reported in recent years. By reviewing the molecular 
biological mechanism of SCLC bone metastasis formation, this paper found that 
conventional diagnostic methods such as imaging and pathological biopsy were 
inadequate in SCLC bone metastasis. The changes in hyaluronic acid, protein 
biomarkers, non-coding RNA, and biomarkers in liquid biopsy were earlier than 
the changes in imaging, which had the advantages of simple operation and good 
repeatability. It provides a new idea and method for the early diagnosis of SCLC 
bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical application.
.

Publisher: 【中文题目：小细胞肺癌骨转移的机制
及其诊断标志物的研究进展】 【中文摘要：小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer, 
SCLC）是一种恶性程度高、转变迅速、侵袭转移快的肺癌亚型，极易出现早期转移，预后较差。SCLC骨转移共经历癌细胞在原发部位增殖并突破局部组织、进入血液循环形成循环肿瘤细胞（circulating 
tumor cells, 
CTCs）并通过血液循环到达骨组织、到达骨组织后在骨微环境的支持下生根发芽形成新的肿瘤灶等三大阶段，而传统的影像学、病理学检查具有敏感性低、价格昂贵、实施难度大等缺点，基于血液标志物检测作为SCLC骨转移筛查与疗效评估的探索性研究近年多有报道。本文通过综述SCLC骨转移形成的分子生物学机制，发现SCLC骨转移中影像学及病理活检等常规诊断方法的不足，透明质酸、蛋白质生物标志物、非编码RNA、液体活检中的生物标志物等变化早于影像学变化，具有操作简便、可重复性好等优点，为SCLC骨转移早期诊断提供新思路、新方法，值得在临床推广应用。
】 
【中文关键词：肺肿瘤；小细胞肺癌；骨转移；诊断；标志物】.

DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2024.106.24
PMCID: PMC11534582
PMID: 39492585 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Competing interests: The authors declare that 
they have no competing interests.


3. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct 26:136892. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136892. 
Online ahead of print.

Preparation and properties of room temperature foaming lignin-based 
non-isocyanate polyurethane foams.

Wu D(1), Zhang Q(1), Hou M(1), Yan R(1), Lei H(2), Zhou X(1), Du G(1), Pizzi 
A(3), Xi X(4).

Author information:
(1)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of 
Material science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 
650224 Kunming, China.
(2)School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300 
Hangzhou, China. Electronic address: leihong@zafu.edu.cn.
(3)LERMAB, University of Lorraine, 88000 Epinal, France.
(4)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, College of 
Material science and Chemistry Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 
650224 Kunming, China. Electronic address: xuedong.xi@swfu.edu.cn.

The preparation and application of biomass-based non-isocyanate polyurethane 
(NIPU) is an essential and meaningful hot topic research work in the field of 
polyurethane industry, due to its advantages of sustainability of raw materials 
and no highly toxic isocyanate used in the synthesis. Lignin, as the second most 
renewable natural polymer on earth, was used in this paper to synthesize 
lignin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (L-NIPU) resins. Subsequently, L-NIPU 
foams were prepared by self-foaming at room temperature with the addition of 
maleic acid as an initiator and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker, and their 
properties were investigated. Results show that L-NIPU foams are lightweight 
(0.11-0.18 g/cm3), have low thermal conductivity (0.033-0.04 W/m·K), and have 
excellent compressive strength. When the addition of maleic acid and 
glutaraldehyde is respectively 18 % and 25 % (based on L-NIPU resin quality), 
the compressive strength can be as high as 0.5 MPa, and the thermal conductivity 
is only 0.03559 W/m·K, so it can be used as an insulating board in buildings. In 
addition, FT-IR and XPS analyses showed that maleic acid and glutaraldehyde can 
react with the amino group in L-NIPU to form a cross-linked network structure, 
which ensures the favorable mechanical properties of the foam.

Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136892
PMID: 39490494

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.


4. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct 30:137123. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137123. 
Online ahead of print.

Carbon nanotube reinforced ionic liquid dual network conductive hydrogels: 
Leveraging the potential of biomacromolecule sodium alginate for flexible strain 
sensors.

Han Y(1), Li Y(2), Liu Y(3), Alsubaie AS(4), El-Bahy SM(5), Qiu H(6), Jiang 
D(7), Wu Z(8), Ren J(9), El-Bahy ZM(10), Jiang B(11), Guo Z(12).

Author information:
(1)College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, 
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory 
of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, Northeast 
Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
(2)Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China.
(3)College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, 
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Aulin College, Northeast 
Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
(4)Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, 
Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
(5)Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. 
Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
(6)Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of 
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 
Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
(7)College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, 
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory 
of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, Northeast 
Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address: 
daweijiang@nefu.edu.cn.
(8)School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of 
Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China.
(9)College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science 
and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Mechanical and Construction Engineering, 
Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon 
Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
(10)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 
11884, Cairo, Egypt.
(11)School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of 
Technology, Harbin 150040, China. Electronic address: jiangbo5981@hit.edu.cn.
(12)Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and 
Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK. Electronic 
address: zhanhu.guo@northumbria.ac.uk.

The rapid evolution of multifunctional wearable smart devices has significantly 
expanded their applications in human-computer interaction and motion health 
monitoring. Central to these devices are flexible sensors, which require high 
stretchability, durability, self-adhesion, and sensitivity. Biomacromolecules 
have attracted attention in sensor design for their biocompatibility, 
biodegradability, and unique mechanical properties. This study employs a 
"one-pot" method to integrate ionic liquids and multi-walled carbon nanotubes 
into a dual-network hydrogel framework, utilizing tannic acid, sodium alginate, 
acrylamide, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid. Tannic acid and 
sodium alginate, natural biomacromolecules, form a robust physical cross-linking 
network, while P(AM-AMPS) creates a chemical cross-linking network. Ionic 
liquids enhance carbon nanotube dispersion, resulting in a hybrid hydrogel with 
remarkable tensile strength (0.12 MPa), adhesive properties (0.039 MPa), and 
sensing performance (GF 0.12 for 40 %-100 % strain, GF 0.24 for 100 %-250 % 
strain). This hydrogel effectively monitors large joint movements (fingers, 
wrists, knees) and subtle biological activities like swallowing and 
vocalization. Integrating natural biomacromolecules into this composite hydrogel 
sensor not only enhances the functionality and biocompatibility of flexible 
wearable devices but also paves the way for innovations in biomedicine and 
bioelectronics.

Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137123
PMID: 39486746

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.


5. Polymers (Basel). 2024 Oct 13;16(20):2884. doi: 10.3390/polym16202884.

Synthesis of Polyacrylamide Nanomicrospheres Modified with a Reactive Carbamate 
Surfactant for Efficient Profile Control and Blocking.

Yang W(1), Lai X(1)(2), Wang L(1), Shi H(3), Li H(4), Chen J(4), Wen X(1), Li 
Y(5), Song X(1), Wang W(1).

Author information:
(1)College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Youth Innovation Team of 
Shaanxi Universities, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, 
China.
(2)Shaanxi Agricultural Products Processing Technology Research Institute, Xi'an 
710021, China.
(3)Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Branch Company, 
PetroChina, Xi'an 710018, China.
(4)Xi'an Wonder Energy Chemical Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710018, China.
(5)Shaanxi Rixin Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710200, China.

Urethane surfactants (REQ) were synthesized with octadecanol ethoxylate (AEO) 
and isocyanate methacrylate (IEM). Subsequently, 
reactive-carbamate-surfactant-modified nanomicrospheres (PER) were prepared via 
two-phase aqueous dispersion polymerization using acrylamide (AM), 
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and ethylene glycol 
dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The microstructures and properties of the 
nanomicrospheres were characterized and examined via infrared spectroscopy, 
nano-laser particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and in-house 
simulated exfoliation experiments. The results showed that the synthesized PER 
nanomicrospheres had a uniform particle size distribution, with an average size 
of 336 nm. The thermal decomposition temperature of the nanomicrospheres was 278 
°C, and the nanomicrospheres had good thermal stability. At the same time, the 
nanomicrospheres maintained good swelling properties at mineralization < 10,000 
mg/L and temperature < 90 °C. Under the condition of certain permeability, the 
blocking rate and drag coefficient gradually increased with increasing polymer 
microsphere concentration. Furthermore, at certain polymer microsphere 
concentrations, the blocking rate and drag coefficient gradually decreased with 
increasing core permeability. The experimental results indicate that 
nanomicrospheres used in the artificial core simulation drive have a better 
ability to drive oil recovery. Compared with AM microspheres (without REQ 
modification), nanomicrospheres exert a more considerable effect on recovery 
improvement. Compared with the water drive stage, the final recovery rate after 
the drive increases by 23.53%. This improvement is attributed to the unique 
structural design of the nanorods, which can form a thin film at the 
oil-water-rock interface and promote oil emulsification and stripping. In 
conclusion, PER nanomicrospheres can effectively control the fluid dynamics 
within the reservoir, reduce the loss of oil and gas resources, and improve the 
economic benefits of oil and gas fields, giving them a good application 
prospect.

DOI: 10.3390/polym16202884
PMCID: PMC11511556
PMID: 39458712

Conflict of interest statement: Author Huaqiang Shi was employed by the company 
Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Branch Company, 
PetroChina. Author Haibin Li and Jiali Chen were employed by the company Xi’an 
Wonder Energy Chemical Co., Ltd. Author Yulong Li was employed by the company 
Shaanxi Rixin Petrochemical Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the 
research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial 
relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.