Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Vet Parasitol. 2024 Sep 2;332:110303. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110303.
Online  ahead of print.

Exploring alternative anthelmintic compounds: Impact of peruvin, 
hentriacontane/1-nonacosanol and their synergistic effect on the health of 
Meriones unguiculatus infected with Haemonchus contortus.

Arango-De la Pava LD(1), Flores-Jiménez NG(1), Cuéllar-Ordaz JA(1), Alejandro de 
la Cruz-Cruz H(1), Higuera-Piedrahita RI(2), López-Arellano R(3).

Author information:
(1)Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de 
México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico.
(2)Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de 
México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico. Electronic address: 
rhiguera05@comunidad.unam.mx.
(3)Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de 
México, Cuautitlán 54714, Mexico. Electronic address: lopezar@unam.mx.

Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic blood-feeding parasite affecting 
sheep and goats, leading to significant economic losses. With increasing 
resistance to conventional anthelmintics, exploring plant-based alternatives is 
crucial. In vitro, studies suggest that peruvin and 
hentriacontane/1-nonacosanol, isolated from Artemisia cina (Asteraceae), may 
synergistically control Haemonchus contortus. However, their in vivo efficacy 
and safety are unestablished. This study evaluated these compounds' anthelmintic 
activity and health effects and their synergistic mixture in Meriones 
unguiculatus (gerbils). The compounds were isolated using open-column 
chromatography and identified by spectroscopic techniques. Gerbils were 
artificially infected with H. contortus following dexamethasone treatment to 
enhance infection. Anthelmintic activity was assessed by larval reduction in the 
stomach, blood biochemical parameters using a blood chemistry analyzer, and the 
anatomopathological changes in kidney and liver tissues. Peruvin (0.4 mg/kg) and 
hentriacontane/1-nonacosanol (2.60 mg/kg) achieved larvicidal reductions of 
84.86 % and 74.05 %, respectively, while their synergistic mixture 
(0.08/0.0017 mg/kg) resulted in a 100 % reduction. Histopathological analysis 
revealed minor inflammation and albuminous degeneration, primarily affecting the 
liver. The peruvin-treated group showed notable kidney damage, while hepatic 
alterations were similar across both compounds. Although effective, further 
research is needed to optimize dosing and ensure safety.

Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110303
PMID: 39243681

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors 
declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be 
considered as potential competing interests: Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita 
reports financial support was provided by Support Program for Research and 
Technological Innovation Projects (PAPIIT-UNAM) TA200324. Luis David Arango-De 
la Pava reports financial support was provided by National Autonomous University 
of Mexico Directorate General of Academic Staff Affairs. If there are other 
authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported 
in this paper.


2. Pathogens. 2024 Jun 16;13(6):509. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13060509.

Understanding Artemisia cina Ethyl Acetate Extract's Anthelmintic Effect on 
Haemonchus contortus Eggs and L(3) Larvae: The Synergism of Peruvin Binary 
Mixtures.

Arango-De-la Pava LD(1), González-Cortazar M(2), Zamilpa A(2), Cuéllar-Ordaz 
JA(1), de la Cruz-Cruz HA(1), Higuera-Piedrahita RI(1)(2), López-Arellano R(1).

Author information:
(1)Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de 
México, Cuautitlán 54714, Estado de México, Mexico.
(2)Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro 
Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico.

Haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding parasite in grazing sheep, causes economic 
losses. Drug resistance necessitates exploring plant-based anthelmintics like 
Artemisia cina (Asteraceae). The plant, particularly its ethyl acetate extract, 
shows anthelmintic activity against H. contortus. However, there is limited 
information on pharmacodynamic interactions in ethyl acetate compounds. The 
study aims to identify pharmacodynamic interactions in the ethyl acetate extract 
of A. cina with anthelmintic effects on H. contortus eggs and L3 larvae using 
binary mixtures. Bioactive compounds were isolated via chromatography and 
identified using spectroscopic techniques. Pharmacodynamic interactions were 
assessed through binary mixtures with a main compound. Four bioactive compounds 
were identified: 1-nonacosanol, hentriacontane, peruvin, and cinic acid. Binary 
mixtures, with peruvin as the main compound, were performed. 
Peruvin/1-nonacosanol-hentriacontane and peruvin/cinic acid mixtures 
demonstrated 1.42-fold and 4.87-fold increased lethal effects in H. contortus L3 
infective larvae, respectively, at a 0.50LC25/0.50LC25 concentration. In this 
work, we determined the synergism between bioactive compounds isolated from the 
ethyl acetate extract of A. cina and identified unreported compounds for the 
specie.

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060509
PMCID: PMC11206963
PMID: 38921806

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.


3. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2023 Feb 22;78(7-8):275-283. doi: 
10.1515/znc-2022-0204. Print 2023 Jul 26.

Crotofoligandrin, a new endoperoxide crotofolane-type diterpenoid from the twigs 
of Croton oligandrus Pierre ex. Hutch (Euphorbiaceae).

Tatsinda Tsapi VB(1), Fotsing Fongang YS(2), Awantu AF(3), Kezetas Bankeu JJ(3), 
Lateef M(4), Chouna JR(1), Nkeng-Efouet-Alango P(1), Ali MS(5), Lenta BN(6).

Author information:
(1)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 
67, Dschang, Cameroon.
(2)Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, The University of 
Maroua, P.O. Box 55 Maroua, Cameroon.
(3)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, 
Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon.
(4)Multi-Disciplinary Research Lab, Bahria University, Medical and Dental 
College, Karachi, Pakistan.
(5)H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and 
Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan.
(6)Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of 
Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Crotofoligandrin (1), a new endoperoxide crotofolane-type diterpenoid was 
isolated from the dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extract of the twigs of Croton 
oligandrus Pierre Ex Hutch along with thirteen known secondary metabolites 
including 1-nonacosanol (2), lupenone (3), friedelin (4), β-sitosterol (5), 
taraxerol (6), (-)-hardwickiic acid (7), apigenin (8), acetyl aleuritolic acid 
(9), betulinic acid (10), fokihodgin C 3-acetate (11), D-mannitol (12), 
scopoletin (13) and quercetin (14). The structures of the isolated compounds 
were determined based on their spectroscopic data. The crude extract and the 
isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antioxidant, lipoxygenase, 
butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), urease and glucosidase inhibitory potentials. 
Compounds 1-3, and 10 displayed activities on all the performed bioassays. All 
the tested samples showed strong to significant antioxidant activity with 
compound 1 being the most potent (IC50 39.4 μM).

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.

DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0204
PMID: 36803991 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


4. Boll Chim Farm. 2002 Mar-Apr;141(2):138-42.

Study of the interaction between policosanol and excipients.

Cabrera L(1), Uribarri E, Laguna A, Sierra R, Mederos D, González M, González V.

Author information:
(1)Direction of Production, CNIC, Playa, Havana, Cuba.

Policosanol is an active principle, composed by 8 fatty alcohols: 1tetracosanol, 
1-hexacosanol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-octacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-triacontanol, 
1-dotriacontanol and 1-tetratriacontanol that shows a very stable, well defined 
and reproducible composition from batch to batch that is analysed using gas 
chromatography. Continuing the studies of the compatibility among policosanol 
and different tablet excipients, it was studied if the mixtures of those 
excipients with policosanol produce chemical interactions between them, the 
samples were analysed using gas chromatography and was determined if it was 
affected the content of policosanol in them. When all the samples were analysed, 
no changes in the policosanol content of the samples were observed, and it was 
considered that no interactions are produced in any of the mixtures 
policosanol/excipients under study.

PMID: 12135162 [Indexed for MEDLINE]