Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 4:177343. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177343. 
Online ahead of print.

Integrating environmental, ecological and human health risk assessments for 
heavy metals in tropical ultramafic soils.

Lima LHV(1), da Silva FBV(2), da Silva YJAB(3), de Lima Veloso V(2), de Sousa 
MGF(2), de Souza Junior VS(4), Echevarria G(5), do Nascimento CWA(6).

Author information:
(1)Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 
Brazil. Electronic address: luizhenrique.vieira@hotmail.com.
(2)Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 
Brazil.
(3)Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 
Brazil. Electronic address: ygor.silva@ufrpe.br.
(4)Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 
Brazil. Electronic address: valdomiro.souzajunior@ufrpe.br.
(5)Econick, 14 rue de Sarrebourg, 54300 Lunéville, France. Electronic address: 
guillaume.echevarria@univ.lorraine.fr.
(6)Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 
Brazil. Electronic address: clistenes.nascimento@ufrpe.br.

Ultramafic soils are a natural source of metals such as Ni, Co and Cr that can 
pose ecosystem and human risks. Here, we assessed the environmental, ecological, 
and human health (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) risks from exposure to 
ultramafic soils through an integrated approach using petrographic and soil 
mineralogical assessments together with total, available, bioaccessible, and 
soil fractions analyses of Ni, Co and Cr in ultramafic soils from Brazil. The 
metal concentrations were similar or up to 5-fold higher for Ni than other 
studies worldwide in ultramafic soils. Soil sequential extraction showed Co and 
Ni predominantly bound to Fe and Mn oxides, while Cr was mostly in residual 
fractions. Medium environmental risks were found for Ni (RAC = 13.0), but no 
environmental risks were associated with Co and Cr in soils. Ecological risks 
were high (PERI = 522.8) and significantly high (PERI = 1759.9). Low metal 
bioaccessibility led to acceptable carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for 
all routes of human exposure to soil, but consuming vegetables grown in these 
soils posed unacceptable cancer risks (> 10-3). Our results reinforce the need 
to monitor ultramafic areas regarding the mobility and availability of metals in 
the soil to ensure food safety and human health.

Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177343
PMID: 39505032


2. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Nov 5;104(41):3844-3847. doi: 
10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20240522-01160.

[Efficacy of domestic single-hole robotic surgery system in the treatment of 
pediatric urological diseases].

[Article in Chinese; Abstract available in Chinese from the publisher]

Zou XY(1), Hou YP(1), Lian JS(1), Bai KP(1), Feng S(1), Sun J(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of 
Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.

To explore the efficacy of domestic single-hole robotic surgery system in the 
treatment of pediatric urological diseases. A prospective review of clinical 
data of children who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the Department of 
Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao 
Tong University, was conducted from July to November 2023. All surgeries were 
performed using the sharp single-port serpentine arm robotic surgery system, 
with an umbilical access route. All surgeries are performed by the same chief 
physician. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, incision size, and 
postoperative complications were recorded. A total of 12 patients were included, 
consisting of 8 males and 4 females, aged 8.0-17.0 (13.5±2.7) years. The 
procedures included 5 pyeloplasties (1 case of bilateral pyeloplasty), with a 
unilateral operative time [M (Q1, Q3) ]of 180 (145, 200) minutes and a blood 
loss of 5 (5, 10) ml. Oral mucosa ureteroplasty was performed in 1 patient, 
taking 3 hours and 52 minutes with a blood loss of 10 ml. Renal cyst 
decortication was conducted in 1 case in 85 minutes with a blood loss of 20 ml. 
High ligation of the spermatic vein was conducted in 3 patients, with an average 
operative time of 97 minutes and no intraoperative blood loss. Bilateral 
gonadectomy was completed in 80 minutes with a blood loss of 5 ml. Ovarian 
cystectomy (1 case) was performed in 69 minutes with a blood loss of 5 ml. All 
surgeries were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. Except 
for the oral mucosa ureteroplasty, which required an additional 5 mm auxiliary 
port, all procedures were performed through a 3 cm umbilical incision. Among the 
patients who underwent pyeloplasty, 1 case of urinary leak was identified and 
successfully treated conservatively with adequate drainage over 25 days. 
Re-stenosis was experienced by 1 patient with a long segment ureteral stricture 
postoperatively, while no Clavien-Dindo grade≥2 complications were observed in 
other patients. All umbilical wounds were concealed, and satisfactory 
postoperative appearances were noted. The domestic single-hole robotic surgery 
system is effective in treating pediatric urological diseases.

Publisher: 
探讨国产单孔机器人手术系统治疗小儿泌尿外科疾病的疗效。前瞻性纳入2023年7至11月上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心泌尿外科行腹腔镜手术治疗的患儿的临床资料。所有患儿均采用术锐单孔蛇形臂机器人手术操作系统进行，所有手术均采用经脐部腹腔入路，均由同一位医师操作，记录手术时间、术中出血量、切口大小以及术后并发症等。共纳入12例患儿，男8例，女4例，年龄8.0~17.0（13.5±2.7）岁。其中肾盂成形术5例（1例为双侧肾盂成形），单侧手术时间［M（Q1，Q3）］为180（145，200）min，出血量5（5，10）ml；口腔黏膜输尿管修补术1例，手术时间3 
h 52 min，出血量10 ml。肾囊肿开窗术1例，手术时间85 min，出血量20 ml；精索静脉高位结扎术3例，平均手术时间97 
min，术中无出血；双侧性腺切除术1例，手术时间80 min，出血量5 ml；卵巢囊肿剥离术1例，手术时间69 min，出血量5 
ml。所有手术均顺利完成，无中转开放。除口腔黏膜输尿管修补术中增加1个5 mm辅助孔外，其他均为脐部3 
cm单切口完成。行肾盂成形术的患儿中，术后有1例出现尿外瘘，经充分引流保守治疗25 
d后治愈；1例输尿管长段狭窄的患儿术后出现再狭窄；其余患儿术后均未出现Clavien-Dindo≥2级并发症。所有患儿脐部伤口隐匿，术后外观满意。国产单孔机器人手术系统治疗小儿泌尿外科疾病疗效尚可。.

DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20240522-01160
PMID: 39497405 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


3. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Oct 30. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c11773. Online 
ahead of print.

Flexible and Extensible Ribbon-Cable Interconnects for Implantable Electrical 
Neural Interfaces.

Geramifard N(1), Khajehzadeh M(1), Dousti B(1), Abbott JR(1), Nguyen CK(1), 
Hernandez-Reynoso AG(1), Joshi-Imre A(2), Varner VD(1)(3), Cogan SF(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, 
Texas 75080, United States.
(2)Office of Research and Innovation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 
Richardson, Texas 75080, United States.
(3)Department of Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 
Texas 75390, United States.

The design and characterization of thin-film ribbon cables as electrical 
interconnects for implanted neural stimulation and recording devices are 
reported. Our goal is to develop flexible and extensible ribbon cables that 
integrate with thin-film, cortical penetrating microelectrode arrays (MEAs). 
Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) and polyimide were employed as the structural 
elements of the ribbon cables and multilayer titanium/gold thin films as 
electrical traces. Using photolithography and thin-film processing, ribbon 
cables with linear and serpentine electrical traces were investigated. A cable 
design with an open lattice geometry was also investigated as a means of 
achieving high levels of extensibility while preserving the electrical function 
of the cables. Multichannel ribbon cables were fabricated with 50 mm lengths and 
metallization trace widths of 2-12 μm. The ribbon cables tolerate flexural 
bending to a radius of 50 μm with no change in trace impedance but tolerate less 
than 5% tensile elongation without trace failure. Ribbon cables with a lattice 
structure exhibit 300% elongation without failure. The high elongation tolerance 
is attributed to a lattice design that results in an out-of-plane displacement 
that avoids fracture or plastic deformation. Extensible ribbon cables underwent 
up to 50,000 tensile elongation cycles to 45% extension without failure. An 
electrical interconnect process using through-holes in the distal gold bond pads 
of the ribbon cables was used to connect to an a-SiC-based MEA. The electrical 
connection was created by stenciling a conductive epoxy into the through-holes, 
bridging metallization between the traces, and MEA. The interconnect was tested 
using a ribbon cable connected to an a-SiC MEA implanted acutely in rat cortex 
and used to record neuronal activity. These highly flexible and extensible 
ribbon cables are expected to accommodate large extensions and facilitate cable 
routing during surgical implantation. They may also reduce tethering forces on 
implanted electrode arrays, potentially improving chronic neural recording 
performance.

DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11773
PMID: 39476818


4. Sci Adv. 2024 Nov;10(44):eado8499. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8499. Epub 2024 Oct 
30.

Amyloid fibril structures and ferroptosis activation induced by ALS-causing SOD1 
mutations.

Wang LQ(1), Ma Y(2)(3), Zhang MY(1), Yuan HY(1), Li XN(1), Xia W(2)(3), Zhao 
K(2)(3), Huang X(4), Chen J(1)(5), Li D(6)(7), Zou L(4), Wang Z(8), Le W(9)(10), 
Liu C(2)(11), Liang Y(1)(5).

Author information:
(1)Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang 
Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
(2)Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai 
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, 
China.
(3)University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
(4)Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (the First Affiliated 
Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), the Second Clinical 
Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.
(5)Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
(6)Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric 
Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong 
University, Shanghai 200030, China.
(7)Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
Shanghai 200240, China.
(8)School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
(9)Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 
Shanghai 200237, China.
(10)Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Research on the Pathogenic 
Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian 
Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
(11)State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic 
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.

Over 200 genetic mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been 
linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Among these, two ALS-causing 
mutants, histidine-46→arginine (H46R) and glycine-85→arginine (G85R), exhibit a 
decreased capacity to bind metal ions. Here, we report two cryo-electron 
microscopy structures of amyloid fibrils formed by H46R and G85R. These 
mutations lead to the formation of amyloid fibrils with unique structures 
distinct from those of the native fibril. The core of these fibrils features a 
serpentine arrangement with seven or eight β strands, secured by a hydrophobic 
cavity and a salt bridge between arginine-85 and aspartic acid-101 in the G85R 
fibril. We demonstrate that these mutant fibrils are notably more toxic and 
capable of promoting the aggregation of wild-type SOD1 more effectively, causing 
mitochondrial impairment and activating ferroptosis in cell cultures, compared 
to wild-type SOD1 fibrils. Our study provides insights into the structural 
mechanisms by which SOD1 mutants aggregate and induce cytotoxicity in ALS.

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado8499
PMCID: PMC11524188
PMID: 39475611 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2024 Nov 1. doi: 10.1107/S1600577524009305. Online ahead
 of print.

Correlative X-ray micro-nanotomography with scanning electron microscopy at the 
Advanced Light Source.

Bhattacharjee AJ(1), Lisabeth HP(1), Parkinson D(2), MacDowell A(2).

Author information:
(1)Energy Geosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 
Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
(2)Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, 
Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Geological samples are inherently multi-scale. Understanding their bulk physical 
and chemical properties requires characterization down to the nano-scale. A 
powerful technique to study the three-dimensional microstructure is X-ray 
tomography, but it lacks information about the chemistry of samples. To develop 
a methodology for measuring the multi-scale 3D microstructure of geological 
samples, correlative X-ray micro- and nanotomography were performed on two rocks 
followed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy 
(SEM-EDS) analysis. The study was performed in five steps: (i) micro X-ray 
tomography was performed on rock sample cores, (ii) samples for nanotomography 
were prepared using laser milling, (iii) nanotomography was performed on the 
milled sub-samples, (iv) samples were mounted and polished for SEM analysis and 
(v) SEM imaging and compositional mapping was performed on micro and 
nanotomography samples for complimentary information. Correlative study 
performed on samples of serpentine and basalt revealed multiscale 3D structures 
involving both solid mineral phases and pore networks. Significant differences 
in the volume fraction of pores and mineral phases were also observed dependent 
on the imaging spatial resolution employed. This highlights the necessity for 
the application of such a multiscale approach for the characterization of 
complex aggregates such as rocks. Information acquired from the chemical mapping 
of different phases was also helpful in segmentation of phases that did not 
exhibit significant contrast in X-ray imaging. Adoption of the protocol used in 
this study can be broadly applied to 3D imaging studies being performed at the 
Advanced Light Source and other user facilities.

open access.

DOI: 10.1107/S1600577524009305
PMID: 39470710