Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Mar 24;12(4):793. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040793.

The Antioxidant Properties and Protective Capacity of Prangos trifida and 
Cachrys cristata Essential Oils against Cd Stress in Lunularia cruciata and 
Brassica napus.

Maresca V(1), Badalamenti N(2)(3), Ilardi V(2), Bruno M(2)(3), Basile A(1).

Author information:
(1)Dipartimento di Biologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 
Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
(2)Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche 
(STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 
Palermo, Italy.
(3)NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy.

The genera Prangos Lindl. and Cachrys L., for a long time interpreted as a 
single genus but today distinct and separate, and both belonging to the majestic 
Apiaceae family, are species with a large distribution and are used in 
ethnomedicine in various countries, especially in Asian countries. In this 
context, we investigated the chemical characteristics and biological properties 
of two essential oils (EOs) obtained from different specimens, namely Cachrys 
cristata (Cc) and Prangos trifida (Pt). The chemical composition of the two EOs 
was investigated by GC-MS analysis. From gas-chromatography analyses, while the 
(Cc) EO was rich in β-myrcene (45.34%), allo-ocimene (10.90%), and 
2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (23.47%), the (Pt) EO was characterized by moderate 
amounts of α-pinene (8.85%), sylvestrene (11.32%), α-phellandrene (12.14%), 
(Z)-β-ocimene (18.12%), and finally, p-mentha-1,3,8-triene (9.56%). Furthermore, 
the protective and antioxidant capacity of (Pt) and (Cc) EOs on Lunularia 
cruciata and Brassica napus exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress was studied. To study 
these possible effects, the liverwort and oilseed rape, previously pretreated 
with both EOs, were subsequently subjected to oxidative stress by treatment with 
Cd. Then, DNA damage and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured in both 
EOs-pretreated and untreated samples to examine EOs-induced tolerance to Cd 
toxicity. The results indicate that (Pt) and (Cc) EOs have antioxidant and 
protective capacity in modulating the redox state through the antioxidant 
pathway by reducing oxidative stress induced by Cd. Furthermore, B. napus was 
found to be a more resistant and tolerant species than L. cruciata.

DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040793
PMCID: PMC10135355
PMID: 37107168

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.


2. J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Oct 30;141(43):17431-17440. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b09502.
Epub  2019 Oct 21.

A Scalable General Synthetic Approach toward Ultrathin Imine-Linked 
Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets for Photocatalytic CO(2) 
Reduction.

Liu W(1), Li X(2), Wang C(1), Pan H(1), Liu W(1), Wang K(1), Zeng Q(2)(3), Wang 
R(4), Jiang J(1).

Author information:
(1)Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular 
and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Science and 
Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China.
(2)CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS 
Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and 
Technology (NCNST) , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190 , China.
(3)Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of 
Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.
(4)Department of Physics , University of Science and Technology Beijing , 
Beijing 100083 , China.

Fabricating ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) 
nanosheets (NSs) in large scale and high yield still remains a great challenge. 
This limits the exploration of the unique functionalities and wide range of 
application potentials of such materials. Herein, we develop a scalable general 
bottom-up approach to facilely synthesize ultrathin (<2.1 nm) imine-based 2D COF 
NSs (including COF-366 NSs, COF-367 NSs, COF-367-Co NSs, TAPB-PDA COF NSs, and 
TAPB-BPDA COF NSs) in large scale (>100 mg) and high yield (>55%), via an 
imine-exchange synthesis strategy through adding large excess amounts of 
2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde into the reaction system under solvothermal 
conditions. Impressively, visualization of the periodic pore lattice for COF-367 
NSs by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) clearly discloses the ultrathin 2D 
COF nature. In particular, the ultrathin COF-367-Co NSs isolated are subject to 
the heterogeneous photocatalyst for CO2-to-CO conversion, showing excellent 
efficiency with a CO production rate as high as 10 162 μmol g-1 h-1 and a 
selectivity of ca. 78% in aqueous media under visible-light irradiation, far 
superior to corresponding bulk materials and comparable with the thus far 
reported state-of-the-art visible-light driven heterocatalysts.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09502
PMID: 31608638


3. Molecules. 2019 Oct 6;24(19):3592. doi: 10.3390/molecules24193592.

Identification and Migration Studies of Photolytic Decomposition Products of 
UV-Photoinitiators in Food Packaging.

Scarsella JB(1), Zhang N(2), Hartman TG(3).

Author information:
(1)Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 
Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. joseph.scarsella@rutgers.edu.
(2)Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 
Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. nz81@scarltemail.rutgers.edu.
(3)Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 
Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. hartmantg@aol.com.

UV-curable inks, coatings, and adhesives are being increasingly used in food 
packaging systems. When exposed to UV energy, UV-photoinitiators (PI's) present 
in the formulations produce free radicals which catalyze polymerization of 
monomers and pre-polymers into resins. In addition to photopolymerization, other 
free radical reactions occur in these systems resulting in the formation of 
chemically varied photolytic decomposition products, many of which are low 
molecular weight chemical species with high migration potential. This research 
conducted model experiments in which 24 commonly used PI's were exposed to 
UV-energy at the typical upper limit of commercial UV-printing press conditions. 
UV-irradiated PI's were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 
and electrospray-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in order to identify photolytic 
decomposition products. Subsequently, migration studies of 258 UV-cure food 
packaging samples were conducted using GC-MS; PI's and photolytic decomposition 
products were found in nearly all samples analyzed. One hundred-thirteen 
photolytic decomposition products were identified. Eighteen intact PI's and 21 
photolytic decomposition products were observed as migrants from the 258 samples 
analyzed, and these were evaluated for frequency of occurrence and migratory 
concentration range. The most commonly observed PI's were 
2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone and benzophenone. The most commonly observed 
photolytic decomposition products were 2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde and 
1-phenyl-2-butanone. This compilation of PI photolytic decomposition data and 
associated migration data will aid industry in identifying and tracing 
non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in food packaging materials.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193592
PMCID: PMC6804238
PMID: 31590450 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.


4. Nat Prod Res. 2018 May;32(9):1118-1122. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1375928.
Epub  2017 Sep 14.

Composition of essential oils from four Apiaceae and Asteraceae species growing 
in Uzbekistan.

Mamadalieva NZ(1), Abdullaeva NS(2), Rosenau T(3), Fakhrutdinova M(4), Azimova 
SS(1), Böhmdorfer S(3).

Author information:
(1)a Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy Sciences of 
Uzbekistan , Tashkent , Uzbekistan.
(2)b Department of General Biology , Djizak State Pedagogical Institute , Djizak 
, Uzbekistan.
(3)c University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Division of 
Chemistry of Renewable Resources , Vienna , Austria.
(4)d Faculty of Biology of the National University of Uzbekistan , Tashkent , 
Uzbekistan.

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of 
Heracleum lehmannianum, Prangos pabularia, Pseudohandelia umbellifera and 
Pulicaria salviifolia, all of them growing in Uzbekistan, were determined by 
GC-MS analysis. The main components of the oil from H. lehmannianum were 
α-phellandrene (10.5%), 1-butanol (9.0%), δ-cadinene (6.2%), α-cadinol (5.7%), 
τ-muurolol (3.1%), 4-terpineol (2.4%) and α-muurolene (2.6%), while 
cis-allo-ocimene (17.6%), δ-3-carene (14.2%), limonene (7.6%), 
2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (6.8%), α-terpinolene (6.1%), β-ocimene (4.3%), 
α-ocimene (4.2%), α-phellandrene (4.2%) were the major oil components in P. 
pabularia, and borneol (4.4%), t-cadinol (4.1%), α-humulene oxide (4.0%), 
caryophyllene oxide (3.6%), bornyl chloride (3.1%), β-pinene (2.9%) in P. 
umbellifera. The essential oil of P. salviifolia had a much more complex 
composition which was dominated by 4-terpineol (13.4%), α-cadinol (5.7%), 
6-epi-shyobunol (5.2%), γ-terpinene (5.0%), δ-cadinene (4.4%), α-terpinene 
(3.5%).

DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1375928
PMID: 28906143 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. Dalton Trans. 2016 Jun 14;45(24):9794-804. doi: 10.1039/c6dt00279j.

Synthesis of a mononuclear, non-square-planar chromium(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex 
and its reactivity toward organic carbonyls and CO2.

Yousif M(1), Cabelof AC(2), Martin PD(1), Lord RL(3), Groysman S(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 
48202, USA. lordri@gvsu.edu.
(2)Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 
48202, USA. lordri@gvsu.edu and Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State 
University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA. groysman@chem.wayne.edu.
(3)Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, 
USA. groysman@chem.wayne.edu.

In this paper, we report the synthesis and reactivity of a rare mononuclear 
chromium(ii) bis(alkoxide) complex, Cr(OR')2(THF)2, that is supported by a new 
bulky alkoxide ligand (OR' = di-t-butyl-(3,5-diphenylphenyl)methoxide). The 
complex is prepared by protonolysis of square-planar Cr(N(SiMe3)2)2(THF)2 with 
HOR'. X-ray structure determination disclosed that Cr(OR')2(THF)2 features a 
distorted seesaw geometry, in contrast to nearly all other tetra-coordinate 
Cr(ii) complexes, which are square-planar. The reactivity of Cr(OR')2(THF)2 with 
aldehydes, ketones, and carbon dioxide was investigated. Treatment of 
Cr(OR')2(THF)2 with two equivalents of aromatic aldehydes ArCHO (ArCHO = 
benzaldehyde, 4-anisaldehyde, 4-trifluorbenzaldehyde, and 
2,4,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde) leads cleanly to the formation of Cr(iv) diolate 
complexes Cr(OR')2(O2C2H2Ar2) that were characterized by UV-vis and IR 
spectroscopies and elemental analysis; the representative complex 
Cr(OR')2(O2C2H2Ph2) was characterized by X-ray crystallography. In contrast, no 
reductive coupling was observed for ketones: treatment of Cr(OR')2(THF)2 with 
one or two equivalents of benzophenone forms invariably a single ketone adduct 
Cr(OR')2(OCPh2) which does not react further. QM/MM calculations suggest the 
steric demands prevent ketone coupling, and demonstrate that a mononuclear 
Cr(iii) bis-aldehyde complex with partially reduced aldehydes is sufficient for 
C-C bond formation. The reaction of Cr(OR')2(THF)2 with CO2 leads to the 
insertion of CO2 into a Cr-OR' bond, followed by complex rearrangement to form a 
diamagnetic dinuclear paddlewheel complex Cr2(O2COR')4(THF)2, that was 
characterized by NMR, UV-vis, and IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.

DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00279j
PMID: 27073074