Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Molecules. 2022 Nov 18;27(22):8014. doi: 10.3390/molecules27228014. Limoniastrum monopetalum-Mediated Nanoparticles and Biomedicines: In Silico Study and Molecular Prediction of Biomolecules. Mohammed AE(1), Alghamdi SS(2)(3), Alharbi NK(1), Alshehri F(1), Suliman RS(4), Al-Dhabaan F(5), Alharbi M(1). Author information: (1)Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. (2)Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia. (3)King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia. (4)Department of Pharmacy, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi 3798, United Arab Emirates. (5)Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia. An in silico approach applying computer-simulated models helps enhance biomedicines by sightseeing the pharmacology of potential therapeutics. Currently, an in silico study combined with in vitro assays investigated the antimicrobial ability of Limoniastrum monopetalum and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated by its aid. AgNPs mediated by L. monopetalum were characterized using FTIR, TEM, SEM, and DLS. L. monopetalum metabolites were detected by QTOF-LCMS and assessed using an in silico study for pharmacological properties. The antibacterial ability of an L. monopetalum extract and AgNPs was investigated. PASS Online predictions and the swissADME web server were used for antibacterial activity and potential molecular target metabolites, respectively. Spherical AgNPs with a 68.79 nm average size diameter were obtained. Twelve biomolecules (ferulic acid, trihydroxy-octadecenoic acid, catechin, pinoresinol, gallic acid, myricetin, 6-hydroxyluteolin, 6,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, methyl gallate, isorhamnetin, chlorogenic acid, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 6-O-(6-deoxy-β-l-mannopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside) were identified. The L. monopetalum extract and AgNPs displayed antibacterial effects. The computational study suggested that L. Monopetalum metabolites could hold promising antibacterial activity with minimal toxicity and an acceptable pharmaceutical profile. The in silico approach indicated that metabolites 8 and 12 have the highest antibacterial activity, and swissADME web server results suggested the CA II enzyme as a potential molecular target for both metabolites. Novel therapeutic agents could be discovered using in silico molecular target prediction combined with in vitro studies. Among L. Monopetalum metabolites, metabolite 12 could serve as a starting point for potential antibacterial treatment for several human bacterial infections. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228014 PMCID: PMC9693928 PMID: 36432115 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 2. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2021 Dec;46(23):6178-6184. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210702.204. [A new hexenol glycoside from Buddleja officinalis]. [Article in Chinese] Long ZH(1), Li BY(2), Wang QY(1), Li B(3), Zhang Y(3), Jia Q(2), Li YM(2), Zhu WL(3). Author information: (1)School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203, China. (2)School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China. (3)Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049, China. The chemical constituents of the flower buds of Buddleja officinalis were investigated in this study. Eight compounds were isolated from the water extract of B. officinalis by column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. These compounds were identified as(Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylcopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), ebracteatoside B(2), jasmonic acid-11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), luteolin-7-O-galacturonide(5), vicenin-2(6), decaffeoylverbascoside(7), and 6-O-(E)-feruloyl-D-glucopyranoside(8). Compound 1 is a new 3-hexenol glycoside. Compounds 2, 3, and 6 were isolated from Buddleja genus for the first time, and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210702.204 PMID: 34951244 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Phytochemistry. 2011 Nov;72(16):2052-61. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.004. Epub 2011 Aug 24. Interconverting flavanone glucosides and other phenolic compounds in Lippia salviaefolia Cham. ethanol extracts. Funari CS(1), Passalacqua TG, Rinaldo D, Napolitano A, Festa M, Capasso A, Piacente S, Pizza C, Young MC, Durigan G, Silva DH. Author information: (1)Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, CP 355, CEP 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Four interconverting flavanone glycosides [(2R)- and (2S)-3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxyflavanone 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and (2R)- and (2S)-3',4',5,8-tetrahydroxyflavanone 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside], in addition to eight known flavonoids [naringenin, asebogenin, sakuranetin, 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, aromadendrin and phloretin], three phenylpropanoid glycosides [forsythoside B, alyssonoside and verbascoside] and the epoxylignan lariciresinol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated and identified in the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Lippia salviaefolia Cham. The phytochemical study herein was guided by preliminary antioxidant tests, namely, β-carotene protection and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. The crude extracts, their active fractions and the isolated compounds were assayed against intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and human embryonic kidney HEK-293 and human melanoma M14 cancer cell growth. Aromadendrin and phloretin were able to counteract elevation of ROS induced by the oxidant t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) in HEK-293 cells, whereas phloretin strongly protected HEK-293 cells from ROS damage at 1 μM. Additionally, phloretin exhibited a significant growth inhibitory effect at 20-40 μM in both HEK-293 and M14 cells and induced a concentration dependent apoptosis at 20 μM in M14 cells, suggesting a selective action towards malignant cells. Due to their equilibria, the four interconverting flavanone glycosides were studied using 1D and 2D NMR, HPLC-CD-PDA and HRMS analyses. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.004 PMID: 21871644 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. J Nat Prod. 2005 Aug;68(8):1293-6. doi: 10.1021/np0501233. Antioxidant constituents of the aerial parts of Globularia alypum growing in Morocco. Es-Safi NE(1), Khlifi S, Kerhoas L, Kollmann A, El Abbouyi A, Ducrot PH. Author information: (1)Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France. nouressafi@yahoo.fr Three new phenolic compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Globularia alypum. Their structures were determined as 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-laminaribioside (1), eriodictyol 7-O-sophoroside (2), and 6'-O-coumaroyl-1'-O-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3). In addition, three phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, isoacteoside, and forsythiaside) and two flavonoid glycosides (6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and luteolin 7-O-sophoroside) were also isolated and are reported here for the first time in this plant. The structures of compounds 1-3 were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data analysis. Evaluation of the antioxidative activity, conducted in vitro, showed that the isolated phenylethanoids and flavonoid glycosides possess strong effects of this type. DOI: 10.1021/np0501233 PMID: 16124783 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 5. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Feb;67(2):445-7. doi: 10.1271/bbb.67.445. 6-hydroxyflavonoids as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from marjoram (Origanum majorana) leaves. Kawabata J(1), Mizuhata K, Sato E, Nishioka T, Aoyama Y, Kasai T. Author information: (1)Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan. junk@chem.agr.hokudai.ac.jp A methanol extract of marjoram leaves strongly inhibited rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase. Five 6-hydroxyflavonoids, 6-hydroxyapigenin (scutellarein; IC50 for sucrose hydrolysis by rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase, 12 microM), 6-hydroxyapigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (> 500 microM), 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (300 microM), 6-hydroxyapigenin-7-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (>500 microM), and 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (> 500 microM), were isolated as active principles and related compounds. The two feruloylglucosides are novel compounds. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.445 PMID: 12729019 [Indexed for MEDLINE]