Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Curr Microbiol. 2023 Jan 2;80(2):61. doi: 10.1007/s00284-022-03161-4.

Biological Control Potential of Endophytic Fungi with Amelioration of Systemic 
Resistance in Sunflower and GC-MS Metabolic Profiling of Talaromyces 
assiutensis.

Farhat H(1), Urooj F(2), Irfan M(3), Sohail N(4), Majeed S(5), Ullah S(6), 
Shafique HA(2).

Author information:
(1)Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. 
farhatmutalib@gu.edu.pk.
(2)Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
(3)Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular 
Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological 
Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
(4)Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
(5)Aquatic Diagnostic Lab, Bahria University, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
(6)Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.

Endophytic fungi live inside plant tissues but do not cause any disease. Several 
reports have now revealed that they have great influence on host. In this study, 
the beneficial role of endophytic fungi is highlighted and explored. Endophytic 
fungi isolated from healthy plants were identified as Aspergillus terreus, 
Curvularia lunata, C. hawaiiensis, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani, 
Talaromyces assiutensis, and T. trachyspermus using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. In 
vitro, fungi evaluated for antimicrobial activity, showed significant activity. 
These fungi were tested in field application by exploring their broad spectrum. 
Talaromyces assiutensis and T. trachyspermus were applied in pots and field plot 
experiments using sunflower as test plants, along with endophytic Cephalosporium 
sp., and Chaetomium sp. Endophytic fungi showed significant activity against 
root rot pathogens affecting sunflower and improved plant biomass. They also 
improved production of plant defense biochemical markers (polyphenolic content 
and salicylic acid) with improvement in antioxidant potential. These fungi are 
used as biological control agents, so their culture filtrates are used to check 
the presence of metabolites by GC-MS. Several new compounds were isolated from 
T. assiutensis. The major bioactive compounds are Coumarin, 
3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl 
ether, 1,2-Propanediol, 3-(octadecyloxy), Ethyl iso-allocholate, and 
1H-Pyrazole, which possess antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, anticancer, 
and antimicrobial properties. These findings will lead to further in-depth 
research toward the potential use of these endophytic fungi for their possible 
use in agriculture and drug formation.

© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03161-4
PMID: 36588145 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


2. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2011 Jun;26(3):266-79. doi: 
10.2133/dmpk.DMPK-10-RG-109. Epub 2011 Mar 4.

Metabolism of a dopamine receptor partial agonist in rats, including an unusual 
N-dearylation reaction.

Zhao SX(1), Wang WW, Walker GS, Zhang L, Obach RS.

Author information:
(1)Pfizer Inc., Groton, U.S.

The metabolism of 
3,4-dihydro-7-[4-(1-naphthalenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butoxy]-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one 
(NPBN) was investigated in rats. Animals were administered 30 mg/kg NPBN that 
was labeled with both tritium and carbon-14. The mass recovery of drug-related 
material was 96-98%, with almost all material excreted in feces. Metabolism 
occurred by oxidation reactions followed by conjugation. The main route of 
metabolism of NPBN occurred via oxidation of the naphthylene ring, which led to 
naphthol and dihydrodiol metabolites as well as a relatively novel N-dearylated 
metabolite in which the naphthylene ring was removed. In vitro investigation in 
rat liver microsomes also showed a glutathione adduct on the naphthalene and a 
glutathione adduct of naphthoquinone, which, along with the dihydrodiol 
metabolite, is consistent with the initial generation of an epoxide. A mechanism 
is proposed whereby the N-dearylation arises via epoxidation, followed by 
formation of an exocyclic iminium ion intermediate that is hydrolyzed to yield 
the N-dearylated metabolite. An additional mechanism involves oxidation of the 
naphthol metabolite via a radical mechanism, since this metabolite was also 
shown to undergo N-dearylation.

DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.DMPK-10-RG-109
PMID: 21383524 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


3. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Jun;74(12):3812-22. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00226-08.
Epub  2008 Apr 25.

Two angular dioxygenases contribute to the metabolic versatility of 
dibenzofuran-degrading Rhodococcus sp. strain HA01.

Aly HA(1), Huu NB, Wray V, Junca H, Pieper DH.

Author information:
(1)Department of Environmental Microbiology, HZI-Helmholtz Centre for Infection 
Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.

Rhodococcus sp. strain HA01, isolated through its ability to utilize 
dibenzofuran (DBF) as the sole carbon and energy source, was also capable, 
albeit with low activity, of transforming dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD). This strain 
could also transform 3-chlorodibenzofuran (3CDBF), mainly by angular oxygenation 
at the ether bond-carrying carbon (the angular position) and an adjacent carbon 
atom, to 4-chlorosalicylate as the end product. Similarly, 2-chlorodibenzofuran 
(2CDBF) was transformed to 5-chlorosalicylate. However, lateral oxygenation at 
the 3,4-positions was also observed and yielded the novel product 
2-chloro-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxydibenzofuran. Two gene clusters encoding 
enzymes for angular oxygenation (dfdA1A2A3A4 and dbfA1A2) were isolated, and 
expression of both was observed during growth on DBF. Heterologous expression 
revealed that both oxygenase systems catalyze angular oxygenation of DBF and DD 
but exhibited complementary substrate specificity with respect to CDBF 
transformation. While DfdA1A2A3A4 oxygenase, with high similarity to DfdA1A2A3A4 
oxygenase from Terrabacter sp. strain YK3, transforms 3CDBF by angular 
dioxygenation at a rate of 29% +/- 4% that of DBF, 2CDBF was not transformed. In 
contrast, DbfA1A2 oxygenase, with high similarity to the DbfA1A2 oxygenase from 
Terrabacter sp. strain DBF63, exhibited complementary activity with angular 
oxygenase activity against 2CDBF but negligible activity against 3CDBF. Thus, 
Rhodococcus sp. strain HA01 constitutes the first described example of a 
bacterial strain where coexpression of two angular dioxygenases was observed. 
Such complementary activity allows for the efficient transformation of 
chlorinated DBFs.

DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00226-08
PMCID: PMC2446563
PMID: 18441103 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


4. Phytomedicine. 2008 Mar;15(3):177-84. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.010. Epub 
2007 Oct 22.

Inhibitory effects of thunberginols A and B isolated from Hydrangeae Dulcis 
Folium on mRNA expression of cytokines and on activation of activator protein-1 
in RBL-2H3 cells.

Matsuda H(1), Wang Q, Matsuhira K, Nakamura S, Yuan D, Yoshikawa M.

Author information:
(1)Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, 
Japan.

Previously, thunberginols A and B from the processed leaves of Hydrangeae 
macrophylla var. thunbergii (Hydrangea dulcis folium) substantially inhibited 
the degranulation caused by antigen and calcium ionophore A23187, and the 
release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-4 by antigen 
in RBL-2H3 cells. In the present study, we examined the effect of thunberginol B 
on the expression of mRNA of several cytokines [ILs-2, 3, 4 and 13, TNF-alpha 
and granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] and effects of 
thunberginols A and B on activator protein (AP)-1 composed of c-jun and c-fos, 
which is essential for the expression of the cytokine mRNA, in RBL-2H3 cells. 
Thunberginol B inhibited up-regulated genes of all cytokines, and thunberginols 
A and B (30 microM) inhibited the phosphorylation of c-jun and expression of 
c-fos mRNA and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 
(ERK1/2). In addition, the profile of gene expression by thunberginol B was 
similar to that by luteolin, a natural flavone with a potent anti-allergic 
effect.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.010
PMID: 17950587 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. J Sep Sci. 2006 Mar;29(5):628-34. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200500368.

Simultaneous determination of paclitaxel and a new P-glycoprotein inhibitor 
HM-30181 in rat plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

Paek IB(1), Ji HY, Kim MS, Lee GS, Lee HS.

Author information:
(1)Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang 
University, Iksan, Korea.

An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of a new P-glycoprotein 
inhibitor 4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid 
[2-(2-(4-[2-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-ethyl]-phenyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl]-amide 
(HM-30181) and a P-glycoprotein substrate paclitaxel in rat plasma was developed 
to simultaneously evaluate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and HM-30181 in 
the rats. HM-30181, paclitaxel, HM-30059 (internal standard (I.S.) for 
HM-30181), and docetaxel (I.S. for paclitaxel) were extracted from rat plasma 
with methyl-tert-butyl ether and analyzed on an Atlantis C18 column (5 microm, 
2.1 x 100 mm) with the mobile phase of ACN/10 mM ammonium formate (75:25 v/v). 
The analytes were detected using an ESI MS/MS in the multiple reaction 
monitoring (MRM) mode. The standard curves for HM-30181 and paclitaxel in plasma 
were linear (r > 0.999) over the concentration range of 2.0-500 ng/mL with a 
weighting of 1/concentration2. The method showed a satisfactory sensitivity (2 
ng/mL using 50 microL plasma), precision (CV: < or = 6.6%), accuracy (relative 
error: -6.3 to 2.0%), and selectivity. This method was successfully applied to 
the pharmacokinetic study of HM-30181 and paclitaxel in rat plasma after 
oral-coadministration of paclitaxel and HM-30181 to male Sprague- Dawley rats.

DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500368
PMID: 16605080 [Indexed for MEDLINE]