Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Can J Neurol Sci. 2024 Nov 7:1-23. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.285. Online ahead of 
print.

Updated Canadian Headache Society Migraine Prevention Guideline with Systematic 
Review and Meta-analysis.

Medrea I(1)(2), Cooper P(3), Langman M(3), Sandoe CH(2), Amoozegar F(4), Hussain 
WM(5), Bradi AC(6), Dawe J(7), Guay M(8), Perreault F(9), Reid S(10), Todd C(2), 
Skidmore B(11), Christie SN(6).

Author information:
(1)Division of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
(2)Women's College Hospital, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, 
Toronto, ON, Canada.
(3)London Health Sciences Centre, Division of Neurology, University of Western 
Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
(4)South Health Campus, Alberta Health Services, Division of Neurology, 
University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
(5)Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 
AB, Canada.
(6)Ottawa Hospital, Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 
Canada.
(7)QEII Health Sciences Centre, Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & 
Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
(8)St. Joseph's Health Care Hamilton West 5th Campus, Division of Neurology, 
McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
(9)CHUM, Division of Neurology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
(10)Kingston General Hospital, Division of Neurology, Queen's University, 
Kingston, ON, Canada.
(11)Independent Information Specialist, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

OBJECTIVE: We have updated the migraine prevention guideline of the Canadian 
Headache Society from 2012, as there are new therapies available, and 
additionally, we have provided guidelines for the prevention of chronic 
migraine, which was not addressed in the previous iteration.
METHODS: We undertook a systematic review to identify new studies since the last 
guideline. For studies identified, we performed data extraction and subsequent 
meta-analyses where possible. We composed a summary of the evidence found and 
undertook a modified Delphi recommendation process. We provide recommendations 
for treatments identified and additionally expert guidance on the use of the 
treatments available in important clinical situations.
RESULTS: We identified 61 studies that were included in this evidence update and 
identified 16 therapies we focused on. The anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide 
(CGRP) agents were approved by Health Canada between 2018 and 2024 and provide 
additional options for episodic and chronic migraine prevention. We also 
summarize evidence for the use of propranolol, topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA 
in addition to anti-CGRP agents as treatments for chronic migraine. We have 
downgraded topiramate to a weak recommendation for use and gabapentin to a weak 
recommendation against its use in episodic migraine. We have weakly recommended 
the use of memantine, levetiracetam, enalapril and melatonin in episodic 
migraine.
CONCLUSION: Based on the evidence synthesis, we provide updated recommendations 
for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine utilizing treatments 
available in Canada. We additionally provided expert guidance on their use in 
clinical situations.

DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2024.285
PMID: 39506371


2. Physiol Plant. 2024 Nov-Dec;176(6):e14592. doi: 10.1111/ppl.14592.

Exogenous melatonin promotes salt tolerance in smooth bromegrass seedlings: 
physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic evidence.

Song W(#)(1)(2)(3), Wang J(#)(1)(2)(3), Wang X(1)(2)(3), Xi J(1)(2)(3), Cai 
W(1)(2)(3), Ma X(1)(2)(3), Zhang J(1)(2)(3), Fu B(1)(2)(3), Gao X(1)(2)(3).

Author information:
(1)College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 
China.
(2)Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research 
Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
(3)Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry 
of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
(#)Contributed equally

Soil salinization, which severely limits crop yield and quality, has become a 
global environmental and resource issue. Melatonin plays an important role in 
plant responses to salt stress. Smooth bromegrass is an important forage with 
excellent feed value and is widely grown in northern and north-west China for 
pasture and sand binding. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms 
underlying exogenous melatonin regulation of salt stress in smooth bromegrass 
are not clear. This study compared the phenotype, physiological, transcriptome, 
and metabolome profiles of two varieties with contrasting salt tolerance 
attributes under salt and melatonin treatment. After melatonin treatment, the 
catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, proline content, actual 
photochemical efficiency (Y(II)), relative water content, and fresh weight above 
ground were significantly higher than under salt treatment, while relative 
conductivity, H2O2 content, and Na+/K+ ratio were significantly lower than salt 
treatment. The transcriptome and metabolite profiling analysis of smooth 
bromegrass seedlings treated without melatonin under salt stress identified the 
presence of 22522 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 862 differentially 
expressed metabolites (DEMs) in SS, 17809 DEGs and 812 DEMs in ST, while treated 
with melatonin under salt stress identified the presence of 7033 DEGs and 177 
DEMs in SS, 2951 DEGs and 545 DEMs in ST. Furthermore, in response to salt 
stress, melatonin may be involved in regulating the correlation between DEGs and 
DEMs in flavonoid biosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, and melatonin 
biosynthesis. Moreover, melatonin participated in mediating melatonin 
biosynthesis pathways and affected the expression of ASMT in response to salt 
stress.

© 2024 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14592
PMID: 39506145 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


3. Life Sci. 2024 Nov 4:123200. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123200. Online ahead of 
print.

Melatonin protects against particulate matter-induced ovarian dysfunction by 
activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to alleviate ferroptosis.

Zhang X(1), Man X(2), Zhang Q(3), Zhu L(4), Chen L(1), Zhu C(1), Ci X(4), Yu 
X(5).

Author information:
(1)Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of 
Women's Reproductive Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 
Jilin, China.
(2)Department of Oncologic Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 
Changchun, Jilin, China.
(3)Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 
Changchun, Jilin, China.
(4)Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of 
Women's Reproductive Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 
Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin 
University, Changchun, China.
(5)Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of 
Women's Reproductive Health, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 
Jilin, China. Electronic address: yuxiaow@jlu.edu.cn.

Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to ambient airborne PM2.5 increases 
the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, whether ferroptosis, a 
newly discovered type of cell death involved in PM2.5-induced lung injury and 
fibrosis, is involved in PM2.5-induced POI has not been determined. This study 
aimed to verify the involvement of PM2.5-induced ferroptosis in ovarian 
dysfunction and further demonstrate that melatonin inhibits ferroptosis by 
activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ameliorate POI in vivo and in vitro. In 
our study, PM2.5 promoted iron accumulation and induced lipid peroxidation, thus 
contributing to ferroptosis in KGN cells and ovaries. However, these effects 
were eliminated and enhanced in Nrf2-overexpressing and Nrf2-knockdown cells, 
respectively. In addition, melatonin and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) inhibited 
ferroptosis by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway, as evidenced by the 
silencing of Nrf2 in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Nrf2-knockout mice were 
more susceptible to ferroptosis and PM2.5-induced POI than control mice. 
Moreover, melatonin suppressed changes in morphological and biochemical 
indicators related to ferroptosis, such as MDA and GSH depletion and GPX4 and 
XCT downregulation, by enhancing Nrf2 signaling. Here, we first reported that 
PM2.5 triggered ferroptosis by increasing ROS levels, lipid peroxidation and 
glutathione depletion. Notably, melatonin significantly decreased ferroptosis 
levels and improved ovarian function by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway in 
vivo and in vitro.

Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.

DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123200
PMID: 39505297

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.


4. Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2024 Nov 6. doi: 10.1007/s12015-024-10819-y. Online ahead
of  print.

Enhancing Late Retinopathy of Prematurity Outcomes with Fresh Bone Marrow 
Mononuclear Cells and Melatonin Combination Therapy.

Mirnia K(1), Bitaraf M(2), Namakin K(2), Azimzadeh A(2), Tanourlouee SB(3)(4), 
Zolbin MM(5)(6), Masoumi A(7), Kajbafzadeh AM(2).

Author information:
(1)Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Department of Neonatology, Children's 
Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(2)Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Pediatric Center 
of Excellence, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of 
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
(3)Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Pediatric Center 
of Excellence, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of 
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behboodisaman09@gmail.com.
(4)Children's Medical Center, Gharib st., Keshavarz blvd., Tehran, 419733151, 
Iran. Behboodisaman09@gmail.com.
(5)Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Pediatric Center 
of Excellence, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute Tehran University of 
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mmajidizolbin@sina.tums.ac.ir.
(6)Children's Medical Center, Gharib st., Keshavarz blvd., Tehran, 419733151, 
Iran. mmajidizolbin@sina.tums.ac.ir.
(7)Ophthalmology Department and Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran 
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease 
affecting premature neonates with life-lasting impacts. This study aims to 
investigate the long-term functional outcomes and alterations in neural retina 
architecture following the intravitreal transplantation of bone marrow 
mononuclear cells (BMMNC) in the rat models of ROP, and to evaluate the effect 
of adjunctive therapy with melatonin.
METHODS: 32 neonate rats were employed. The ROP model was developed in 10 
neonatal rats, and two were assigned as control. The ROP models received BMMNC 
suspension, containing 1.2 × 105 cells, in their right eye, and normal saline in 
left at p12. Five ROP rats received 12.5 mg/kg melatonin orally for five days 
(p12 to p17). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography (ERG) 
were performed on p47. Eyes were then harvested on p47, and after six months for 
histology, immunofluorescence (anti-calbindin, anti-PKC, and anti-Brn3), and 
immunohistochemistry (synaptophysin).
RESULTS: Cell therapy alone and with melatonin increased retinal thickness, and 
improved oscillatory potentials on ERG. Combination therapy increased horizontal 
and retinal ganglion cell populations. All treatments improved synaptic maturity 
in the inner plexiform layer, but only combination therapy was effective on the 
outer plexiform layer.
CONCLUSION: Melatonin and BMMNCs combination therapy effectively ameliorates 
retinal structural and functional deficits at later ROP stages, without causing 
severe adverse effects. It significantly increases the survival of post-receptor 
retinal neurons and preserves retinal synaptic structures in the long term, 
highlighting the promising potential of this novel combination therapy approach 
to minimize visual deficits in ROP patients.

© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10819-y
PMID: 39503829


5. Food Chem. 2024 Oct 18;464(Pt 2):141661. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141661. 
Online ahead of print.

Melatonin treatment maintains the quality properties and storability of 
carambola fruit by modulating energy metabolism.

Hu T(1), Zheng S(1), Liu Q(1), Li M(1), Chen J(1), Zhang H(1), Lin M(2), Lin 
H(3), Chen Y(4).

Author information:
(1)Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food 
Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, 
China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural 
Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
(2)Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition & Exercise Sciences, 
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
(3)Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food 
Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, 
China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural 
Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. Electronic 
address: hetonglin@163.com.
(4)Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food 
Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, 
China; Key Laboratory of Postharvest Biology of Subtropical Special Agricultural 
Products, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. Electronic 
address: harris2197395@163.com.

The influences of 150 μmol/L melatonin treatment on the quality properties, 
storability, and energy metabolism in carambola fruit were explored. The results 
showed that, compared to the control, melatonin treatment significantly retained 
higher rate of commercially acceptable fruit, and retarded the development of 
fruit browning and yellowing. Additionally, melatonin treatment displayed higher 
levels of chromaticity L⁎ and h° values, titratable acid, total soluble solids, 
total soluble sugars, sucrose, and vitamin C, but lower respiration rate, 
chromaticity a⁎ and b⁎ values, and reducing sugar content. Moreover, melatonin 
treatment presented higher levels of ATP, ADP, and energy charge, as well as 
higher activities of H+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase in the membranes of 
vacuole, mitochondria, and plasma, thereby reducing the damage to cell 
membranes. These results will provide a scientific basis and practical guidance 
for melatonin to maintain the quality properties and storability, and to prolong 
the shelf life of postharvest carambola fruit.

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141661
PMID: 39503091

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.