Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Nat Prod Res. 2022 Oct;36(20):5337-5341. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1920583. Epub 2021 May 8. Chemical constituents from Lactuca plumieri (L.) Gren. & Godr. (Asteraceae). Michalska K(1), Malarz J(1), Stojakowska A(1). Author information: (1)Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland. This is the first report concerning the natural products of the hitherto unstudied Lactuca plumieri (L.) Gren. & Godr., a member of the tribe Cichorieae (Asteraceae). From aerial parts and roots of this plant, five sesquiterpene lactones and one coumarin were isolated. The compounds were identified as sonchuside A, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin-8-O-acetate, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin, cichorioside B, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin-8-O-acetate-15-O-β-glucopyranoside and coumarin - cichoriin. Their structures were established by 1H NMR. Moreover, HPLC/PAD analysis of a hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of the plant revealed the presence of caffeic acid derivatives, coumarins and flavonoids commonly found in lettuces.[Formula: see text]. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1920583 PMID: 33969755 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Jan 13;64(1):295-301. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05128. Epub 2016 Jan 4. Structural and Sensory Characterization of Novel Sesquiterpene Lactones from Iceberg Lettuce. Mai F(1), Glomb MA(1). Author information: (1)Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle, Germany. Lactuca sativa var. capitate (iceberg lettuce) is a delicious vegetable and popular for its mild taste. Nevertheless, iceberg lettuce is a source of bitter substances, such as the sesquiterpene lactones. Chemical investigations on the n-butanol extract led to the isolation of three novel sesquiterpene lactones. All compounds were isolated by multilayer countercurrent chromatography followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures were verified by means of spectroscopic methods, including NMR and mass spectrometry techniques. For the first time 11ß,13-dihydrolactucin-8-O-sulfate (jaquinelin-8-O-sulfate) was structurally elucidated and identified in plants. In addition, the sesquiterpene lactones cichorioside B and 8-deacetylmatricarin-8-O-sulfate were identified as novel ingredients of iceberg lettuce. Further flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae were examined for the above three compounds. At least one of the compounds was identified in nine plants. The comparison between the lettuce butt end and the leaves of five types of the Cichorieae tribe showed an accumulation of the compounds in the butt end. Further experiments addressed the impact of sesquiterpene lactones on color formation and bitter taste. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05128 PMID: 26727458 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Magn Reson Chem. 2011 Nov;49(11):753-6. doi: 10.1002/mrc.2801. Epub 2011 Oct 17. Complete NMR spectral assignments of two lactucin-type sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from Picris conyzoides. Michalska K(1), Szneler E, Kisiel W. Author information: (1)Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl-31-343 Krakow, Poland. Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR signal assignments of two lactucin-type sesquiterpene lactone glycosides, derivatives of 11β,13-dihydrolactucin, isolated from roots of Picris conyzoides, were achieved by one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments, allowing the correction of previously published data for cichorioside B and the structure elucidation of its new ester with 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid. In addition, seven known sesquiterpene lactones and three phenolic compounds were isolated from the plant material. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2801 PMID: 22002327 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 4. Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Aug;31(8):983-8. doi: 10.1007/s12272-001-1256-8. Epub 2008 Sep 12. Terpene and phenolic constituents of Lactuca indica L. Kim KH(1), Lee KH, Choi SU, Kim YH, Lee KR. Author information: (1)Natural Products Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. We isolated seven terpenes and five phenolic constituents from the aerial parts of Lactuca indica L. using column chromatographic separation of its MeOH extract. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods to be trans-phytol (1), 3beta-hydroxyglutin-5-ene (2), 5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (3), 11beta-13-dihydrolactucin (4), 2-phenylethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), cichorioside B (6), 1-hydroxylinaloyl-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), (6S,9S)-roseoside (8), benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), 2-(3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol (10), 3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-dihydrobenzofuran (11), and (+)-taraxafolin-B (12). Compounds 1-3, 5, and 7-12 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines in vitro using a Sulforhodamin B bioassay. DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1256-8 PMID: 18787785 [Indexed for MEDLINE]