Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Dent Mater. 2024 Oct;40(10):1584-1590. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.010. Epub
 2024 Jul 26.

Effects on dentin nanomechanical properties, cell viability and dentin 
wettability of a novel plant-derived biomodification monomer.

Moreira MA(1), Moreira MM(2), Lomonaco D(3), Cáceres E(4), Witek L(5), Coelho 
PG(6), Shimizu E(7), Quispe-Salcedo A(8), Feitosa VP(9).

Author information:
(1)Dental School, Federal University of Ceará, Campus of Sobral, Sobral, Brazil.
(2)Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil.
(3)Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, 
Fortaleza, Brazil.
(4)Andres Bello University - School of Dentistry, Santiago, Chile.
(5)Biomaterials Division, NYU Dentistry, New York, NY, USA; Department of 
Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA; 
Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 
New York, NY, USA.
(6)Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Miami 
Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and 
Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 
USA.
(7)Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, USA.
(8)Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue. Niigata University 
Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
(9)Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, 
Iowa City, USA. Electronic address: victor-feitosa@uiowa.edu.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of dentin biomodification agents 
(Proanthocyanidin (PAC), Cardol (CD) and Cardol-methacrylate (CDMA) on dentin 
hydrophilicity by contact angle measurement, viability of dental pulp stem cells 
(DPSCs) and nanomechanical properties of the hybrid layer (HL).
METHODS: CDMA monomer was synthesized from cardol through methacrylic acid 
esterification. Human extracted third molars were used for all experiments. For 
nanomechanical tests, specimens were divided in four groups according to the 
primer solutions (CD, CDMA, PAC and control) were applied before adhesive and 
composite coating. Nanomechanical properties of the HL were analyzed by 
nanoindentation test using a Berkovich probe in a nanoindenter. Wettability test 
was performed on dentin surfaces after 1 min biomodification and measured by 
contact angle analysis. Cytotoxicity was assessed by a MTT assay with DPSCs 
after 48 and 72 h. Data were analyzed with Student's t test or Two-way ANOVA and 
Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: CD and CDMA solutions achieved greater hydrophobicity and increased the 
water-surface contact angles when compared to PAC and control groups (p < 0.05). 
PAC group showed a greater reduction of elastic modulus in nanoindentation 
experiments when compared to CD and CDMA groups (p < 0.05) after 4 months of 
aging. CD inhibited cell proliferation compared to all further materials 
(p < 0.05), whilst CDMA and PAC indicated no cell cytotoxicity to human DPSCs.
SIGNIFICANCE: Cardol-methacrylate provided significantly higher hydrophobicity 
to dentin and demonstrated remarkable potential as collagen crosslinking, 
attaining the lowest decrease of HL's mechanical properties. Furthermore, such 
monomer did not affect pulp cytotoxicity, thereby highlighting promising 
feasibility for clinical applications.

Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.010
PMID: 39068089 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


2. Heliyon. 2024 Apr 27;10(9):e30436. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30436. 
eCollection 2024 May 15.

In vitro cytotoxic activity on KATO-III cancer cell lines of mangiferolic acid 
purified from Thai Tetragonula laeviceps propolis.

Meemongkolkiat T(1), Puthong S(2), Khongkarat P(1), Rod-Im P(3), Duangphakdee 
O(3), Tuthaisong P(4), Phuwapraisirisan P(4), Chanchao C(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 
Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
(2)Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 
254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
(3)Native Honeybee and Pollinator Research Center, Ratchaburi Campus, King 
Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Ratchaburi, 70150, Thailand.
(4)Center of Excellence in Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of 
Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.

Gastric cancer is a global health concern, but current treatment with 
chemotherapy and surgery is often inadequate, prompting the exploration of 
alternative treatments. Propolis is a natural substance collected by bees known 
for its diverse properties linked to floral sources. The Dichloromethane 
Partitioned Extract (DPE) from Tetragonula laeviceps propolis, in Bankha 
district, Thailand was previously shown to possess significant cytotoxicity 
against KATO-III gastric cancer cells, while showing lower cytotoxicity toward 
WI-38 normal fibroblast cells. Here, the DPE was further fractionated by column 
chromatography, identified active fractions, and subjected to structural 
analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity against 
KATO-III cells was reevaluated, and programmed cell death was analyzed using 
flow cytometry. Expression levels of cancer-related genes were measured using 
quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Cardol C15:2 (compound 1) and 
mangiferolic acid (MF; compound 2) were discovered in the most active fractions 
following structural analysis. MF exhibited strong cytotoxicity against KATO-III 
cells (IC50 of 4.78-16.02 μg/mL), although this was less effective than 
doxorubicin (IC50 of 0.56-1.55 μg/mL). Morphological changes, including 
decreased cell density and increased debris, were observed in KATO-III cells 
treated with 30 μg/mL of MF. Significant induction of late-stage apoptosis and 
necrosis, particularly at 48 and 72 h, suggested potential DNA damage and cell 
cycle arrest, evidenced by an increased proportion of sub-G1 and S-phase cells. 
Doxorubicin, the positive control, triggered late apoptosis but caused more 
necrosis after 72 h. Furthermore, MF at 30 μg/mL significantly increased the 
expression level of COX2 and NFκB genes linked to inflammation and cell death 
pathways. This upregulation was consistent at later time points (48 and 72 h) 
and was accompanied by increased expression of CASP3 and CASP7 genes. These 
findings suggest MF effectively induces cell death in KATO-III cells through 
late apoptosis and necrosis, potentially mediated by upregulated 
inflammation-related genes.

© 2024 The Authors.

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30436
PMCID: PMC11070865
PMID: 38711626

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known 
competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
to influence the work reported in this paper.


3. Plant Cell Physiol. 2024 May 14;65(4):644-656. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcae019.

APX2 Is an Ascorbate Peroxidase-Related Protein that Regulates the Levels of 
Plastocyanin in Chlamydomonas.

Caccamo A(1)(2)(3)(4), Vega de Luna F(1), Misztak AE(1), Pyr Dit Ruys S(5), 
Vertommen D(5), Cardol P(1), Messens J(2)(3)(4), Remacle C(1).

Author information:
(1)Genetics and Physiology of Microalgae, InBios/Phytosystems Research Unit, 
University of Liège, Chemin de la vallée 4, Liège 4000, Belgium.
(2)VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
(3)Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium.
(4)Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 
Brussels 1050, Belgium.
(5)de Duve Institute and MASSPROT platform, UCLouvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, 
Brussels 1200, Belgium.

The function of ascorbate peroxidase-related (APX-R) proteins, present in all 
green photosynthetic eukaryotes, remains unclear. This study focuses on APX-R 
from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, namely, ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2). We showed 
that apx2 mutants exhibited a faster oxidation of the photosystem I primary 
electron donor, P700, upon sudden light increase and a slower re-reduction rate 
compared to the wild type, pointing to a limitation of plastocyanin. 
Spectroscopic, proteomic and immunoblot analyses confirmed that the phenotype 
was a result of lower levels of plastocyanin in the apx2 mutants. The redox 
state of P700 did not differ between wild type and apx2 mutants when the loss of 
function in plastocyanin was nutritionally complemented by growing apx2 mutants 
under copper deficiency. In this case, cytochrome c6 functionally replaces 
plastocyanin, confirming that lower levels of plastocyanin were the primary 
defect caused by the absence of APX2. Overall, the results presented here shed 
light on an unexpected regulation of plastocyanin level under copper-replete 
conditions, induced by APX2 in Chlamydomonas.

© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese 
Society of Plant Physiologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under 
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted 
reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work 
is properly cited.

DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae019
PMCID: PMC11094752
PMID: 38591346 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


4. Lancet. 2024 Mar 16;403(10431):1027-1050. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. 
Epub 2024 Feb 29.

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis 
of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, 
adolescents, and adults.

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC).

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BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes 
throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence 
of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for 
adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and 
territories.
METHODS: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million 
participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the 
general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in 
the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 
years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5-19 years), from 1990 to 
2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and 
combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 
kg/m2). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD 
below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the 
median).
FINDINGS: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity 
in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a 
posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true 
decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women 
and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. 
In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in 
island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in 
the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight 
with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 
145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was