Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Chem Biodivers. 2024 Jul;21(7):e202400062. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202400062. Epub 
2024 Jun 22.

Mitigating Effect of Lepidium sativum Seeds Oil on Ovarian Oxidative Stress, DNA 
Abnormality and Hormonal Disturbances Induced by Acrylamide in Rats.

Aboul Naser AF(1), El-Feky AM(2), Hamed MA(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 
Egypt.
(2)Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Acrylamide (ACR), an industrial compound, causes both male and female 
reproductive toxicity. Lepidium sativum seeds (L. sativum) (Garden cress) are 
known for their health benefits as antioxidant, antiasthmatic, anticoagulant, 
anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to 
investigate the phytochemistry and nutritional value of L. sativum seeds oil for 
attenuating the ovarian damage induced by acrylamide in rats. The phytochemical 
investigation of the seeds revealed the presence of vitamins, potassium, iron, 
sugar and amino acids. Twenty eight compounds from the unsaponifiable fraction 
and twenty three compounds from the saponifiable fraction were identified. Three 
sterols and two triterpenes were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1), 
▵5-avenasterol (2), friedelanol (3), stigmasta-4, 22-dien-3-one (4), and ursolic 
acid (5). Treatment of acrylamide-induced rats with L. sativum seeds oil 
ameliorated prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), malondialdehyde 
(MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), 
interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) with variable 
degrees. The histopathological findings of ovaries supported these results. In 
conclusion, compounds (3-5) were isolated for the first time from L. sativum 
seeds oil. The seeds oil attenuated the ovarian damage and could potentially be 
a new supplemental agent against female infertility.

© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400062
PMID: 38743868 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


2. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Sep;48(18):5014-5023. doi: 
10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230609.201.

[Chemical constituents from stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense and 
their inhibitory effects on proliferation of synoviocytes in vitro].

[Article in Chinese]

Zhang Y(1), Shi NF(1), Xie Z(1), Zhao YM(1), Liang CH(1), Deng YY(1), Wang R(1), 
Liu YP(2), Fu YH(2).

Author information:
(1)Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of 
Education,Hainan Normal University Haikou 571127,China.
(2)Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of 
Education,Hainan Normal University Haikou 571127,China Engineering Research 
Center for Industrialization of Southern Medicinal Plants Resources of Hainan 
Province,Hainan Normal University Haikou 571127,China Key Laboratory of Southern 
Medicinal Plants Resources of Haikou City,Hainan Normal University Haikou 
571127,China.

The chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Cratoxylum cochinchinense 
were isolated and purified using silica gel, ODS gel, and Sephadex LH-20 gel 
column chromatography, as well as preparative HPLC. The chemical structures of 
all isolated compounds were identified on the basis of their physicochemical 
properties, spectroscopic analyses, and the comparison of their physicochemical 
and spectroscopic data with the reported data in literature. As a result, 21 
compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of 
C. cochinchinense, which were identified as cratocochine(1), 
1-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(2), 1-hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone(3), 
ferrxanthone(4), 3,6-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethoxyxanthone(5), 
3,6-dihydroxy-1,7-dimethoxyxanthone(6), 
1,2,5-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyxanthone(7), securixanthone G(8), gentisein(9), 
3,7-dihydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone(10), pancixanthone B(11), garcimangosxanthone 
A(12), pruniflorone L(13), 9-hydroxy alabaxanthone(14), cochinchinone A(15), 
luteolin(16), 3,5'-dimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,3'-neolignane-5,9,9'-triol(17), 
N-benzyl-9-oxo-10E,12E-octadecadienamide(18), 15-hydroxy-7,13E-labdadiene(19), 
stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one(20), and stigmast-5-en-3β-ol(21). Among these 
isolates, compound 1 was a new xanthone, compounds 2-5, 7, 8, 12, and 16-21 were 
isolated from the Cratoxylum plant for the first time, and compounds 11 and 13 
were obtained from C. cochinchinense for the first time. Furthermore, all 
isolated compounds 1-21 were appraised for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis 
activities by MTS method through measuring their anti-proliferative effect on 
synoviocytes in vitro. As a result, xanthones 1-15 displayed notable 
anti-rheumatoid arthritis activities, which showed inhibitory effects on the 
proliferation of MH7A synoviocytes with the IC_(50) values ranging 
from(8.98±0.12) to(228.68±0.32) μmol·L~(-1).

DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230609.201
PMID: 37802843 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


3. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Feb 17;179:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.043. Epub 
2015 Dec 24.

Antibacterial effects of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. and Thonn.) Müll. Arg 
extracts and compounds on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract 
pathogens.

Noundou XS(1), Krause RW(2), van Vuuren SF(3), Ndinteh DT(4), Olivier DK(3).

Author information:
(1)Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa. 
Electronic address: xavsiw@gmail.com.
(2)Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
(3)Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 
York Rd, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
(4)Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 
Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves, stems and roots of Alchornea 
cordifolia (Schumach. and Thonn.) Müll. Arg. are used as traditional medicine in 
many African countries for the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and 
urinary tract infections as well as for the treatment of wounds.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the crude 
extracts of leaves and stems of A. cordifolia on gastrointestinal, skin, 
respiratory and urinary tract pathogens and to identify the compounds in the 
extracts that may be responsible for this activity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antibacterial activities of crude extracts [hexane, 
chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH) and 
water (H2O)] as well as pure compounds isolated from these extracts were 
evaluated by means of the micro-dilution assay against four Gram-positive 
bacteria, i.e. Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, 
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. saprophyticus ATCC 15305, as well as 
four Gram-negative bacterial strains, i.e. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 23246 and Proteus 
mirabilis ATCC 43071. The isolation of the active constituents was undertaken by 
bio-autographic assays in conjunction with chromatographic techniques. The 
identification and characterisation of the isolated compounds were done using 
mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) as 
well as 1D- and 2D- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses.
RESULTS: The leaves and stems of A. cordifolia exhibited varied antibacterial 
activity against all eight pathogens. Most of the MIC values ranged between 63 
and 2000µg/ml. The highest activities for the crude extracts (63µg/ml) were 
observed against S. saprophyticus [stem (EtOAc, CHCl3 and hexane), leaves (MeOH, 
EtOH, EtOAc and CHCl3)], E. coli [stem (MeOH and EtOH), leaves (MeOH, EtOH, 
EtOAc and CHCl3)], M. catarrhalis [leaves (EtOAc and CHCl3)], K. pneumoniae 
[stem (CHCl3), leaves (CHCl3)] and S. aureus [leaves (CHCl3)]. Seven 
constituents [stigmasterol (1), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (2), friedelin (3), 
friedelane-3-one-28-al (4), 3-O-acetyl-aleuritolic acid (5), 
3-O-acetyl-erythrodiol (6) and methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate) 
(7)] were isolated from the stem MeOH extract. All these compounds displayed 
some antibacterial activity against the eight pathogens with highest activity 
against S. saprophyticus (2µg/ml). Furthermore, this is the first report of 
compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated from A. cordifolia and where a complete 
set of 2D-NMR data for fridelane-3-one-28-al (4) is presented.
CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the antibacterial activities of A. 
cordifolia extracts may be due to the presence of the seven isolated compounds, 
where compounds 3-6 showed the best activity. The observed activity against 
gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens supports the 
traditional use for the treatment of such ailments.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.043
PMID: 26724423 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


4. Molecules. 2014 Nov 3;19(11):17829-38. doi: 10.3390/molecules191117829.

Antioxidant and anticancer aporphine alkaloids from the leaves of Nelumbo 
nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena.

Liu CM(1), Kao CL(2), Wu HM(3), Li WJ(4), Huang CT(5), Li HT(6), Chen CY(7).

Author information:
(1)Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan. 
beagleliu@gmail.com.
(2)Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan. 
joe7day@yahoo.com.tw.
(3)School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, 
Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan. mt019@fy.edu.tw.
(4)School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, 
Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan. mt082@fy.edu.tw.
(5)School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, 
Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan. dentjames@yahoo.com.tw.
(6)School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, 
Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan. mt085@fy.edu.tw.
(7)School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao District, 
Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan. xx377@fy.edu.tw.

Fifteen compounds were extracted and purified from the leaves of Nelumbo 
nucifera Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena. These compounds include liriodenine (1), 
lysicamine (2), (-)-anonaine (3), (-)-asimilobine (4), (-)-caaverine (5), 
(-)-N-methylasimilobine (6), (-)-nuciferine (7), (-)-nornuciferine (8), 
(-)-roemerine (9), 7-hydroxydehydronuciferine (10) cepharadione B (11), 
β-sitostenone (12), stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (13) and two chlorophylls: 
pheophytin-a (14) and aristophyll-C (15). The anti-oxidation activity of the 
compounds was examined by antiradical scavenging, metal chelating and ferric 
reducing power assays. The results have shown that these compounds have 
antioxidative activity. The study has also examined the antiproliferation 
activity of the isolated compounds against human melanoma, prostate and gastric 
cancer cells. The results shown that 7-hydroxydehydronuciferine (10) 
significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma, prostate and gastric 
cancer cells. Together, these findings suggest that leaves of Nelumbo nucifera 
Gaertn. cv. Rosa-plena are a good resource for obtaining the biologically active 
substances with antioxidant properties.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117829
PMCID: PMC6271390
PMID: 25372397 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.


5. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2011 Apr;36(7):891-5.

[Chemical constituents from petroleum ether portion of Abelmoschus esculentus 
II].

[Article in Chinese]

Jia L(1), Guo M, Li D, Jing L.

Author information:
(1)School of Pharmacy Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China. 
jialujj@163.com

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Abelmoschus esculentus.
METHOD: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography 
on silica gel and recrystallization. The chemical structures were elucidated on 
the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.
RESULT: Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as 
6-hydroxy-stigmasta-4-en-3-one(1), 6-hydroxy-stigmasta4,22-dien-3-one(2), 
stigmasta-5-en-3-ol-7-one(3), stigmasta-5, 22-dien-3-ol-7-one(4), 
stigmast-5-en-3, 7-diol(5), stigmast-5, 22-dien-3, 7-diol(6), stigmast-4, 
22-dien-3, 6-dione(7), stigmasta-4, 22-dien-3-one(8), ergosta-7, 
22-dien-3-ol(9), cycloart-25-en-3,24-diol(10), lupeol(11), aurantiamide acetate 
(12), stigmasterol(13), hexadecanoic acid (14).
CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-12 are obtained from the genus Abelmoschus plant for the 
first time and also from the Malvaceae for the first time.

PMID: 21761729 [Indexed for MEDLINE]