Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Planta Med. 2008 Feb;74(3):267-72. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1034311. Epub 2008 Feb 18. Isolation and characterization of new Cannabis constituents from a high potency variety. Radwan MM(1), Ross SA, Slade D, Ahmed SA, Zulfiqar F, Elsohly MA. Author information: (1)National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA. Phytochemical investigation of a high potency variety of Cannabis sativa L. resulted in the isolation of six new metabolites, (+/-)-6,7-trans-epoxycannabigerolic acid ( 2), (+/-)-6,7- CIS-epoxycannabigerolic acid ( 3), (+/-)-6,7- CIS-epoxycannabigerol ( 4), (+/-)-6,7-trans-epoxycannabigerol ( 5), 5'-methyl-4-pentylbiphenyl-2,2',6-triol ( 7), and 7-methoxycannabispirone ( 8), along with seven known compounds namely, cannabigerolic acid ( 1), 5'-methoxycannabigerolic acid ( 6), cannabispirone ( 9), beta-cannabispiranol ( 10), dehydrocannabifuran ( 11), cannflavin B ( 12) and cannabigerol ( 13). The antimicrobial as well as the antileishmanial activities were investigated. DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1034311 PMCID: PMC4887452 PMID: 18283614 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 2. Acta Microbiol Hung. 1987;34(3-4):233-40. The effects of cannabinoids and cannabispiro compounds on Escherichia coli adhesion to tissue culture cells and on leukocyte functions in vitro. Molnár J(1), Petri I, Berek I, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I. Author information: (1)Institute of Microbiology, University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid, tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid, cannabispirol, acetylcannabispirol, cannabispirone, and cannabispirenone in a low concentration did not affect the adhesion of Escherichia coli on cultured HEp-2 cells. Cannabinoids at 10(-6) M increased the chemiluminescence of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, while the cannabispiro compounds failed to enhance the oxidative burst of leukocytes. In lymphocyte and granulocyte function tests (E- and EA-rosette formation, blast transformation of T-lymphocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin-A, ADCC and phagocytosis) all compounds displayed immunosuppressive effect at 1.5 X 10(-5) M. Tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid exerted the weakest immunosuppression on human leukocyte functions. PMID: 3329437 [Indexed for MEDLINE] 3. Acta Microbiol Hung. 1986;33(3):221-31. The effects of cannabispiro compounds and tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid on the plasmid transfer and maintenance in Escherichia coli. Molnár J, Csiszár K, Nishioka I, Shoyama Y. Some cannabispiro compounds and tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid were tested for antibacterial plasmid curing activity and inhibition of plasmid transfer. MIC values of the compound were above 1500 micrograms/ml. Cannabispirol and tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid eliminated the F'lac plasmid from Escherichia coli, but acetylcannabispirol, cannabispirone and cannabispirenone were ineffective as curing agents. Each compound, except acetyl-cannabispirol, selectively killed plasmid carrying bacteria. The compounds inhibited R144 plasmid transfer from E. coli into E. coli cells via inhibition of mating pair formation, zygotic killing and inhibition of transconjugal DNA synthesis in a lesser extent. All of the cannabispiro compounds and tetrahydrocannabidiolic acid inhibited the transformation with pBR322 plasmid DNA when the bacteria were pretreated with the compounds, via inhibition of the DNA penetration or decreasing the synthesis of plasmid DNA during bacterial growth. Although each of the compounds, except acetyl-cannabispirol, had a weak antibacterial effect which was more definite on plasmid carrying bacteria than plasmidless ones, and inhibited intercellular plasmid transfer and transforming activity of plasmid DNA, only two of them were able to cure F'lac plasmid showing that plasmid elimination is a complex process which strictly depends on the stereochemical configuration of curing agents. PMID: 3551476 [Indexed for MEDLINE]