Worldwide, there are plants known as psychoactive plants that naturally contain psychedelic active components. They have a high concentration of neuroprotective substances that can interact with the nervous system to produce psychedelic effects. Despite these plants' hazardous potential, recreational use of them is on the rise because of their psychoactive properties. Early neuroscience studies relied heavily on psychoactive plants and plant natural products (NPs), and both recreational and hazardous NPs have contributed significantly to the understanding of almost all neurotransmitter systems. Worldwide, there are many plants that contain psychoactive properties, and people have been using them for ages. Psychoactive plant compounds may significantly alter how people perceive the world.
1. Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 16;14(1):24226. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74149-2. Aphidicidal activity of nano-emulsions of spearmint oil and carvone against Rhopalosiphum maidis and Sitobion avenae. Mondal PC(1)(2), Salim R(3), Kumar V(2), Kaushik P(2), Shakil NA(2), Pankaj(4), Rana VS(5). Author information: (1)The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. (2)Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. (3)Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. (4)Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. (5)Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India. ranavs2000@yahoo.com. Different species of aphids, responsible for severe yield losses of cereal crops including wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.) are managed by insecticides, which are harmful to organisms and the environment under field conditions. Therefore, an environment friendly aphidicidal product of plant origin is required. Mentha spicata oil was found to be rich in carvone (81.88%), but the use of its oil and carvone in crop protection is lacking due to their volatility, poor solubility, and stability. A nanoformulaton not only solves these problems but also improve the efficacy and dose of the bioactive compounds. Thus, nano-emulsions of the oil and carvone prepared were characterized, and evaluated against Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn aphid) and Sitobion avenae (wheat aphid) The average droplet size of nano-emulsions of the oil and carvone was found to be 22.1 and 41.21 nm. Nano-emulsion of carvone exhibited higher aphid mortality (LC50 = 0.87-1.94 mg/mL) at 24 h and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.07-3.83 mg/mL) compared to the nano-emulsion of the oil (LC50 = 2.87-2.81 mg/mL; IC50 = 1.66-5.34 mg/mL). The repellence index (RI) in nano-emulsion of essential oil was found to be higher (84.73 and 81.72%) at the highest concentration (0.05 µL/cm2) than that of carvone (77.59 and 80.98%) for R. maidis and S. avenae. Further, in silico studies also revealed the favourable binding energy (- 6.6 to - 8.5 kcal/mol) of the main compounds in the oil with acetylcholinesterase, facilitated by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. This study suggests that the nano-emulsions of the essential oil and carvone can be explored under field conditions to establish efficacy for their utilization as aphidicidal and repellent products against aphids. In the present study, aphidicial and repellent activities of its essential oil and carvone were reported for the first time against R.maidis and S.avenae. © 2024. The Author(s). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74149-2 PMCID: PMC11484702 PMID: 39414889 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no competing interests. 2. Future Med Chem. 2024 Oct 10:1-18. doi: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2394019. Online ahead of print. Novel Bis-1,2,3-triazole-thiazolidinone hybrid as anticancer agents that induce apoptosis and molecular modeling study. Bimoussa A(1), Oubella A(2), Alossaimi MA(3), Aziz M(4), Attaullah HM(4), Ejaz SA(4), Morjani H(5), Auhmani A(1), Robert A(6), Riahi A(6), Riadi Y(3), Ait Itto MY(1). Author information: (1)Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Physico-Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP PO Box 2390, Marrakech, 40001, Morocco. (2)Laboratory of Organic & Physical Chemistry, Applied Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco. (3)Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia. (4)Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. (5)BioSpectroscopie Translationnelle, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51096, Reims Cedex, France. (6)Equipe MSO, CNRS UMR 7312 Institut de Chimie Moléculaire Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Bat. Europol'Agro - Moulin de La Housse UFR SciencesB.P.,1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France. Aim: A series of (R)-Carvone-based 1,2,3-triazole-thiazolidinone 17a-h hybrids were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques NMR and HRMS. The chemical reactivity and the stability parameters were observed via DFT.Method/results: The objective was to evaluate the anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds against cancer cell lines. The mechanism of action by which the 17b and 17g exert their effect suggested that they may induce apoptosis through activation of caspase-3/7. This effect was observed against the most important NIMA-related kinases via Docking investigation. The designed compounds were identified as the best inhibitors of the NEK family via the inactivation of the caspase-3. The Docking results were supported by Dynamics where the binding energies justified the medicinal importance of the synthesized derivatives. Plain Language Summary: [Box: see text]. DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2394019 PMID: 39387360 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2024 Oct 23;26(41):26377-26388. doi: 10.1039/d4cp02767a. Quantum chemistry study on the hyper-Rayleigh scattering optical activity of R-carvone and (1R,5R)-α-pinene. Bonvicini A(1), Champagne B(1). Author information: (1)Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. andrea.bonvicini@unamur.be. In this work, the HRS-OA circular differential scattering ratios of medium-size chiral molecules, R-carvone and (1R,5R)-α-pinene, has been computed by means of TD-DFT calculations. The results have been discussed as a function of the basis set size. For R-carvone a conformational analysis has been taken into account. In particular, the three most stable conformations of R-carvone present chiral terms that contribute to the HRS-OA circular differential scattering ratio, with opposite signs. Finally, the modified unit sphere representations (mUSR) have been produced for the molecules under study. DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02767a PMID: 39387117 4. Am J Vet Res. 2024 Oct 8:1-7. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0218. Online ahead of print. Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular L-carvone in sheep. Brosnan RJ(1), Knych HK(2), Cenani A(1). Author information: (1)Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA. (2)K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA. OBJECTIVE: To measure and model concentrations of the analgesic L-carvone, a natural component of spearmint, over time when administered IM to sheep and to characterize L-carvone's effects on CBCs and clinical biochemistry panels. METHODS: L-carvone formulated as a 50% solution (v/v) in ethanol and propylene glycol was administered at 71.6 mg/kg IM, split between each semitendinosus muscle in 6 sheep. Venous blood was sampled over 24 hours, and plasma was separated by centrifugation. Additional blood was collected for CBC and serum biochemical analysis, and tissues were sampled after euthanasia. L-carvone concentrations in plasma and tissue homogenates were measured using HPLC-MS-MS. Plasma pharmacokinetic data were described using a nonlinear mixed effects model. Complete blood count and biochemistry data were compared to baseline values using repeated-measures ANOVA and Holm-Šidák tests (P < .05). RESULTS: Maximum plasma concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 1.93 µg/mL and occurred within 9 to 15 minutes after injection. Pharmacokinetics were best described using 2 compartments. Elimination half-life was 33.7 minutes and 390.2 minutes in the central and peripheral compartments, respectively. Mild increases in neutrophil count and significant increases in creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were associated with injection site myonecrosis. No physical examination, behavioral, or other clinically significant laboratory changes were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Intramuscular L-carvone exhibits rapid time to peak concentration, relatively slow plasma elimination, and low tissue concentrations after 24 hours. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: L-carvone exhibits a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for an analgesic drug. A new L-carvone formulation or administration route is needed to reduce inflammation and necrosis at the injection site. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.08.0218 PMID: 39378902 5. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct 2;281(Pt 1):136190. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136190. Online ahead of print. Feasibility of polylactic acid and essential oil composite with insecticidal properties for prevention of Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzophilus surinamensis in Sorghum and Pearl millet. Prabhakar PR(1), Reddy JP(2), Keshava Murthy PS(3), Vivek Babu CS(4). Author information: (1)Food Protectants & Infestation Control (FPIC) Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India. (2)Polymer Materials Lab, Food Packaging Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India. (3)Polymer Materials Lab, Food Packaging Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India. Electronic address: keshavamurthy@cftri.res.in. (4)Food Protectants & Infestation Control (FPIC) Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India. Electronic address: vivekbabu.cs@cftri.res.in. Current study provides insight on the feasibility of polylactic acid (PLA) integrated with (1:1 ratio) of essential oils belonging to Ocimum gratissimum (OG) and Mentha spicata (MS) for prevention of major stored insect pests (Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzophilus surinamensis) in Sorghum and Pearl millet. A combination of OG and MS essential oils (1:1) was incorporated into the PLA polymer matrix. Further, SPME analysis of synthesized PLA showed the presence of volatiles corresponding to carvone (6.44 %) and thymol (6.22 %). Synthesized PLA composites were tested against S. oryzae and O. surinamensis using Sorghum and Pearl millets, and insect mortality was equivalent to commercial super bags (CSB). The head space oxygen decreased significantly in CSB and slightly in PLA bags. Thickness of EO blended PLA composite was increased (99 μm), tensile strength (23.94 MPa), WVTR (1.42 g/m2.hr) analysis, significant folding ability, and swelling capacity (0.24 %) showed slight reduction in composite film. TGA showed good thermal stability (334˚C) and XRD displayed the increased crystallinity (38.35 %) in PLAOM films, SEM and FTIR analysis of the synthesized composite films revealed complete homogenization of EO and PLA matrix. In addition, SEM analysis of insects (control & treated) revealed less topology changes in the elytra. Biodegradability study confirmed the weight loss in PLA films. Hence, current approach of using composite EO's with PLA offers sustainable solution for prevention of infestation during storage of millets. Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136190 PMID: 39366605 Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors gave the declaration that there is no conflict of interest.