Psychoactive Plant Database - Neuroactive Phytochemical Collection

1. Nanoscale. 2024 Jun 6;16(22):10584-10589. doi: 10.1039/d4nr01243g.

Reactivity control of nitrate-incorporating octadecavanadates by changing the 
oxidation state and metal substitution.

Yoshida I(1), Kikukawa Y(1), Mitsuhashi R(2), Hayashi Y(1).

Author information:
(1)Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, 
Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan. 
kikukawa@se.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
(2)Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 
920-1192, Japan.

Clarification and control of the active sites at the atomic/molecular level are 
important to develop nanocatalysts. The catalytic performance of two oxidation 
states of nitrate-incorporating octadecavanadates, [V18O46(NO3)]5- (V18) and 
[V18O46(NO3)]4- (V18ox), and a copper-substituted one, [Cu2V16O44(NO3)]5- 
(Cu2V16), in selective oxidation was investigated. Both V18 and V18ox possessed 
the same double-helical structures and one of two tetravalent vanadium sites of 
V18 was oxidized in V18ox. The comparison of the mobility of the incorporated 
nitrate reveals that tetravalent vanadium centres show stronger interaction with 
the incorporated anions than pentavalent ones. The oxidation reaction with V18ox 
proceeded more smoothly with tert-BuOOH as an oxidant than that with V18. The 
reactivity and selectivity of the oxidation of 2-cyclohexen-1-ol were different 
among the derivatives. V18ox showed the higher reactivity with 72% selectivity 
to epoxide. With V18, reactivity was lower but higher selectivity to epoxide was 
achieved. In the presence of Cu2V16, 2-cyclohexen-1-one was selectively obtained 
with 81% selectivity. The order of the reactivity for cyclooctene was V18ox, V18 
and Cu2V16. These results shows that the cap part of the double-helix acts as 
the active site. Even though the vanadium-oxygen species exhibit the same 
structures, the catalytic properties can be controlled by changing the valence 
of vanadium and metal substitution.

DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01243g
PMID: 38738681


2. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 10;318(Pt A):116954. doi:
10.1016/j.jep.2023.116954.  Epub 2023 Jul 26.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing methods and quality 
control of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm: A critical review.

Tao Y(1), Deng Y(2), Wang P(3).

Author information:
(1)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
Hangzhou, 310032, China. Electronic address: taoyi1985@zjut.edu.cn.
(2)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
Hangzhou, 310032, China. Electronic address: 1829672106@qq.com.
(3)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 
Hangzhou, 310032, China. Electronic address: wangping45@zjut.edu.cn.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dried root tubers of L.aggregata have been 
widely used in Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years to promote qi, 
relieve pain, warm kidney, and disperse cold.
AIM OF THE STUDY: This review aims to assess the research progress of 
L.aggregata, to comprehensively understand its development status, to point out 
the shortcomings of the existing researches, and to provide reference for 
further research on L.aggregata.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: By searching various databases for literatures on 
"Lindera aggregata", "Linderae Radix" and "Lindera strychnifolia", as well as 
relevant textbooks and digital documents, an overall and critical review of the 
subject was conducted.
RESULTS: Through phytochemical studies on different parts of L.aggregata, about 
260 compounds were isolated, including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, volatile 
oils, and other compounds. A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies have 
shown that L.aggregata has a plethora of pharmacological effects such as 
anti-cancer, anti-arthritis, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetic 
nephropathy, hepatoprotective, lipid-lowering effect and so on.
CONCLUSION: While the pharmacological effects of L.aggregata have been 
confirmed, most studies only use simple in vitro cell lines or animal disease 
models to evaluate their pharmacological activities. Therefore, future research 
should be conducted in a more comprehensive clinical manner. Further 
pharmacological research is also necessary to fully clarify the action mechanism 
of L.aggregata. It is also interesting to note that L.aggregata is often used to 
treat frequent urination in ancient times, but its molecular basis and mechanism 
of action are still unclear, and systematic studies are lacking. In terms of 
quality control, the source of L.aggregata is single, mostly wild, and the main 
medicinal part of L.aggregata is the tuber, while the yield of straight root is 
large. Therefore, further attention should be paid to the rapid propagation 
technology of L.aggregata and whether straight root can be included in medicinal 
use. It is also worth thinking whether sulfur-fumigation is necessary for 
preserving L.aggregata. As vinegar-processing is a common processing method for 
L. aggregata, the mechanism of such processing method remains to be 
investigated. In addition, in-depth research on the pharmacokinetics and 
long-term toxicity of L.aggregata is necessary to ensure its efficacy and 
safety.

Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116954
PMID: 37499843 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors 
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal 
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this 
paper.


3. Front Microbiol. 2022 Jun 17;13:911791. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911791. 
eCollection 2022.

Effects of Inoculation With Acinetobacter on Fermentation of Cigar Tobacco 
Leaves.

Zheng T(1)(2)(3), Zhang Q(4), Wu Q(1)(2)(3), Li D(4), Wu X(1)(2)(3), Li P(4), 
Zhou Q(4), Cai W(4), Zhang J(1)(2)(3), Du G(1)(2)(3).

Author information:
(1)School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
(2)Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of 
Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
(3)Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
(4)Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China Tobacco 
Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.

Metabolic activity of the microbial community greatly affects the quality of 
cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs). To improve the quality of CTLs, two extrinsic 
microbes (Acinetobacter sp. 1H8 and Acinetobacter indicus 3B2) were inoculated 
into CTLs. The quality of CTLs were significantly improved after fermentation. 
The content of solanone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, benzeneacetic acid, ethyl 
ester, cyclohexanone, octanal, acetophenone, and 
3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one were significantly increased after inoculated 
Acinetobacter sp. 1H8. The inoculation of Acinetobacter sp. 1H8 enhanced the 
normal evolutionary trend of bacterial community. The content of 
trimethyl-pyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl-pyrazine, and megastigmatrienone were 
significantly increased after inoculated Acinetobacter indicus 3B2. The 
inoculation of Acinetobacter indicus 3B2 completely changed the original 
bacterial community. Network analysis revealed that Acinetobacter was negatively 
correlated with Aquabacterium, positively correlated with Bacillus, and had 
significant correlations with many volatile flavor compounds. This work may be 
helpful for improving fermentation product quality by regulating microbial 
community, and gain insight into the microbial ecosystem.

Copyright © 2022 Zheng, Zhang, Wu, Li, Wu, Li, Zhou, Cai, Zhang and Du.

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911791
PMCID: PMC9248808
PMID: 35783443

Conflict of interest statement: QiZ, DL, PL, QuZ, and WC were employed by China 
Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the 
research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial 
relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


4. J Econ Entomol. 2022 Feb 9;115(1):187-192. doi: 10.1093/jee/toab251.

MCH-Based Semiochemical Repellents for Protecting Engelmann Spruce Trees From 
Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Audley JP(1), Fettig CJ(1), Steven Munson A(2), Blackford DC(2), Mortenson 
LA(3), Mafra-Neto A(4).

Author information:
(1)Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1731 Research Park 
Drive, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
(2)Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service, 4746 South 1900 East, Ogden, 
UT 84403, USA.
(3)Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 2480 Carson Road, 
Placerville, CA 95667, USA.
(4)ISCA Incorporation, 1230 Spring Street, Riverside, CA 92507, USA.

Spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a 
lethal pest of spruce trees in North America. Despite decades of research, a 
semiochemical repellent that consistently and effectively protects spruce trees 
remains elusive. We evaluated the efficacy of 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH) 
in a proprietary, volatile compound release technology (SPLAT) alone and with 
two adjuvants, Acer kairomone blend (AKB) and acetophenone + green leaf 
volatiles (PLUS) to protect individually treated Picea engelmannii Parry ex. 
Engelm. (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Pi. engelmannii within 11.3-m radius of the 
individually treated trees from colonization and mortality attributed to D. 
rufipennis in western Wyoming. Ninety-one Pi. engelmannii were baited with 
frontalin and randomly assigned to one of seven treatments (n = 13): 3.5 g of 
MCH applied as SPLAT MCH (SPLAT3.5), 3.5AKB, 3.5PLUS, 7 g of MCH applied as 
SPLAT MCH (SPLAT7), 7AKB, 7PLUS, and baited control (bait only). All repellents 
except SPLAT3.5 and SPLAT7 significantly reduced colonization of individually 
treated Pi. engelmannii compared to the baited control. 3.5PLUS, 7AKB, and 7PLUS 
reduced colonization most effectively, and all repellents significantly reduced 
mortality of individually treated Pi. engelmannii compared to the baited 
control. All repellents also significantly reduced colonization and mortality of 
neighboring Pi. engelmannii.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of 
Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please 
e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab251
PMID: 34958092 [Indexed for MEDLINE]


5. Vet Parasitol. 2021 Dec;300:109608. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109608. Epub
2021  Oct 27.

Nematocidal activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of spent substrate of Pleurotus 
djamor on L(3) larvae of Haemonchus contortus.

Colmenares-Cruz S(1), González-Cortazar M(2), Castañeda-Ramírez GS(3), 
Andrade-Gallegos RH(1), Sánchez JE(4), Aguilar-Marcelino L(5).

Author information:
(1)El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera al Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, CP, 
30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
(2)Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro 
Social, Argentina No.1 Centro, CP, 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico.
(3)Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, 
INIFAP, Km 11 Carretera Federal Cuernavaca- Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 
65550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
(4)El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera al Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, CP, 
30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. Electronic address: esanchez@ecosur.mx.
(5)Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, 
INIFAP, Km 11 Carretera Federal Cuernavaca- Cuautla, No. 8534, Col. Progreso, CP 
65550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico. Electronic address: 
aguilar.liliana@inifap.gob.mx.

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro lethal 
effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the spent substrate of Pleurotus djamor 
ECS-123, obtained at 15 days of colonization (SPS) and at the first (SPS1) and 
second (SPS2) harvests, against infective larvae L3 of Haemonchus contortus. The 
in vitro lethal effect was evaluated by the L3 larval mortality test (LM) using 
six concentrations: 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL, with ivermectin and 
thiabendazole (5 mg/mL) as controls. The first harvest extract (SPS1) of strain 
ECS-123 was subjected to liquid-liquid bipartition, which resulted in two 
fractions: aqueous (PdAcO) and ethyl acetate (PdAct). The chemical fractionation 
of PdAct with the highest mortality rate (80.11 %) was carried out with 
open-column chromatography, giving a total of 13 fractions, which were analyzed 
by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and grouped into 5 mixtures (R1;1-3, R2;4-7, 
R3;8-9, R4;10-11 and R5;12-13). Subsequently, the mixtures were evaluated 
against H. contortus L3 larvae. Finally, the components of the mixtures with the 
highest nematocidal effects were evaluated by gas chromatography coupled to mass 
spectrometry (GC-MS). The data were analyzed with a completely randomized design 
through ANOVA using the generalized linear model (GLM) with the "R" program. The 
purification and characterization of R4 and R5 by GC-MS revealed the presence of 
the following compounds: veratryl alcohol, 4-hydroxy-3,5,5 
trimethyl-4-[3-oxo-1-butenyl]-2- cyclohexen-1-one, caffeine and 
5,6-dimethoxy-1(3 H) isobenzofuranone. This information allowed for the 
identification of nematocidal compounds in the degraded substrate of P. djamor, 
an activity that had not been reported previously.

Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109608
PMID: 34773769 [Indexed for MEDLINE]